mung bean germination experiment

The Effect of Caffeine on the Heart Rate of Daphnia Magna. One thing about this experiment is that it's going to take some advance planning and a significant amount of time. Shallow hoeing works well. After the seeds germinate, the students can take them home to plant in their gardens. Gas exchange parameters and photosynthetic behaviour of the mung bean plants under cadmium stress have been presented in Fig 4. To make mung bean sprouts, it is necessary to germinate the mung bean seeds. The data for the percentage germination of the two mung bean cultivars at varying salt concen-trations are presented in Table 1. 100 beans were taken and split into four groups of 25. In order to analyze the effect of nickel toxicity on seedling growth of mung bean, a pot experiment was conducted in green house of the Department of Botany, University of Karachi, Pakistan, during 29th August . In case of CAT, a least significant difference of 6.477 and in case of PAL the least significant difference of 7.598 was observed among the negative control, positive control, Cd+1% FM group and Cd+2% FM groups (Fig 3C and 3D). Record the growth of the plants in a chart like the one found in the next section, "Keeping Track of Your Experiment.". Mung Beans [internet]. The absorbance ratio of the combination solution was measured at 530 nm by using a spectrophotometer (Shimadzu-1900 UV spectrophotometer). Furthermore, FM is a valuable source of several micronutrients and macronutrients such as NPK which are essential for normal growth and metabolism. In this experiment, you'll control the pH of the water you'll use on bean plants by adding certain substances to make distilled water either acidic or basic. The combined application of CaONPs and FM increased the antioxidant defence of mung bean plants as the treatments synergistically improved the functioning of these enzymes. After putting the seeds in a wet bag, rinse and drain the bag at least twice or thrice in one day. When a seed absorbs water it starts to swell up, the outer coat of the seed cracks and roots start to grow through. Does The Color of Light Affect Plant Growth? 0000015166 00000 n Cadmium chloride 150 M salt was mixed to the soil within the pots except the pots with negative control for the purpose of Cd stress after three weeks of seed germination in the pots. One even grew a bean pod with beans in it. Seven large-size plastic drinking cups. Like pea plants and bean plants, mung bean plants grow relatively tall. Science experiments using plants are well-known. The data presented in the Fig 6B shows the principal components analysis (PCA) wagon wheel. This shows that light is not necessary for germination. Your email address will not be published. Mung beans like fertile, sandy, loam soil with excellent drainage and a pH of 6.2 to 7.2. Pinto beans will sprout, but the success rate tends to be lower. HMo0 =$)+!vz0R8]`~>}IX(_*,n7+@Z ~ eZFti O} 8>h(n]"I'>XRqD The effect of caffeine on plant growth is still a subject under study. The process of photosynthesis is when a plant absorbs sunlight, turns it into food, and uses the food as energy. In literature, the application of FM has been reported to successfully mitigate the toxicity of several heavy metals such as Al, As, Cd, and Pd. BASIC NEEDS OF PLANTS | WHAT DO PLANTS NEED TO GROW | MUNG BEAN SEEDS EXPERIMENT | MONGO SEEDS | Hungry SciANNtist 22.7K subscribers Subscribe 3.5K 351K views 2 years ago #seedgermination. However, the bioavailability and chemical forms of metal contaminants may fluctuate. On cadmium contaminated soil (Cd), plants with treatments 5, 6, 7 and 8 received root treatments with distilled water (DW), 5 mg/L of CaONPs, and 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L CaONPs were used as the experiments positive controls. 365 Days Flowering Plants in India | Flowers That Bloom in all Seasons, 50 Examples of Monocot & Dicot Plants (With Images), Benefits of Electrolyte Water for the Plants, Top 10 Plants with Whorled Leaf Arrangement, How to Grow Shevanti Flower? Students will determine the effect of caffeine on heart rate in this fun science fair project. This science fair project idea determines if a particular chemical has an effect (increase or decrease) on the heart rate of Daphnia. The goal of this middle school science fair project is to examine the effect of caffeine on plant growth. An increase in the contents of these metabolites might be due to the role of CaONPs and FM in increasing the nutrient acquisition pattern by the mung plants [35]. How to Care for Sontakka Flower (White Ginger Lily)? The less acidic-or more basic a liquid is-the higher its number. of water. These Women's History Month activities for middle school will help your students learn how to celebrate Women's History Women's History Month Gender Wage Gap Mini-Project. We suggest a set of products called pH Up and pH Down, a brand that's readily available in pet supply stores. The role of Ca in reducing the uptake of Cd and inducing tolerance to Cd stress was investigated by studying antioxidant defence responses, yield, growth and cytosolic non-enzymatic antioxidants of mung bean plants. The ice bath was utilised to keep the environment chilled while grinding. 0000015785 00000 n Water-and distilled water, at that-is the only liquid that is neutral. When the seeds were taken out of the rooms for examination one week later all 25 of the beans that were in the warm room, in both rep one and rep two had germinated. (C) Y1H experiment showing that VrMYB90 could bind to the promoters of VrDFR and VrANS. 0000002924 00000 n Identify and describe the basic structure of a variety of common flowering plants, including trees. Soil organic amendments are important to build soil structure, improve the nutrient profile and increase fertility in croplands. . Most authorities recommend that Alaskan pea seeds are to be planted between an inch to an inch and a half deep, which is approximately 5 centimeters., This science fair project was performed to find out the effect on plant growth of adding caffeine to the soil. The used plastic pots had 7 x 6 length and breadth measurements. We have to try this! Thank you! Copyright 2022 Science Sparks - Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd. The growth of mung bean plants in terms of the number of branches and plant height was improved by the application of CaONPs and FM. 0000004705 00000 n Add up the individual heights and divide by 10 to obtain the average height. Yes Science Sparks ( Wild Sparks Enterprises Ltd ) are not liable for the actions of activity of any person who uses the information in this resource or in any of the suggested further resources. Or, you can summarize your observations in written form, if you prefer. Use this chart to record the amount of water given to each cup on a particular date. Or, your science teacher may have extra test strips that you could get for this project. The mixture was then given 4 mL of distilled and deionized water which was thoroughly mixed. 0000043480 00000 n 0000019310 00000 n Join thousands of teachers and get access to 20,000+ resources. here. /(RbAH!m8+RS In our results, exposure to Cd stress resulted in decreased ascorbate and tocopherols accumulation compared to negative controls. Spray some water on the bean every few days. Once a seedling has used all the nutrients from the seed it then needs to take nutrients from the soil. Seeds buried too deeply in the soil wont grow. Plants in alkaline soils will . This has been shown that salinity and light had the very significant effects to the germination process of mung bean. Mung bean Varieties Germination (%) Shoot height ( cm) Root length (cm) Fresh weight plant-1 (gm) Dry weight plant-1 (gm) Chlorophyll Contents (%) Normal soil Saline . Cd toxicity increases the concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS). You'll raise or lower the pH level for each bottle from 7, depending on whether you're making the water acidic or alkaline. A total of 48 pots were the part of the experimental setup. No, PLOS is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporation, #C2354500, based in San Francisco, California, US, Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retractions, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531. Based on the findings of this experiment, the 150 M Cd stress which inhibited growth and germination of mung bean by 50% was chosen for the current work. What's the best fertilizer type (solid, liquid or powder)? The height of the plant had increased by three centimeter to five centimeters. the third important legumes crop in Indonesia after soybeans and peanuts. The radish seeds will not germinate at all in a solution with more than 3 teaspoons of salt in 8 oz. New and more engaging activities are provided to the students in schools to make them learn more about the environment that is waiting outside for them. Before preparing the samples for laser treatment, the reflectance spectra of representative mung bean seeds were obtained using an Ocean Optics USB2000 spectrometer and a Mikropack DH-2000 broadband light source. The best seeds for this experiment are Pinto beans, Mung beans, Lentils, and Lima beans. This research project that entails a laboratory experiment that subjects dormant mung bean seeds to variant germinating conditions where the principal variant factor is the pH factor is considered important as it may disclose important facts about the food crop that may later be used by farmers for improving yields. trailer Calcium oxide nanoparticles (CaONPs) are being utilized nowadays in agricultural research with promising results. However, the best part for students is to be able to get hands-on practice and interplay between the students and nature. Dried Pinto beans are then placed inside the bag with a wet or damp paper towel. What are the effects of fertilizer on plant growth? A least significance difference of 1.940 and 4.894 was observed among the treatment groups negative control, positive control, Cd +1% FM and Cd+ 2% FM for number of pods per plant and pod weights per plant, respectively. Labeling each cup and each bottle will help you keep track of which water you'll use for each plant. We measured the biomass each week for four weeks of plants grown at different densities. Good beans and legumes for sprouting include lentils, chickpeas, white beans, black beans, mung beans, soybeans and adzuki. Audible sound ranging 1000-1500 Hz, 1500-2000 Hz, and 2000-2500 Hz and intensities [80 dB (A), 90 dB (A), 100 dB (A)] were used to stimulate mung bean for 72 hours. Cap the bottles tightly, label each one so you know which is which, and place them in an undisturbed location. The estimation was done between 9:00 and 12:00 in the morning. wPN,.hBY;4 }C*98DCoC?II"'{LMG]5Y] (ttoI&kK tKQ}. The second week the remaining 7 peas for rep one in the warm room had germinated and the remaining 10 peas from rep two in the warm room had germinated. Scientists refer to this light as white light. Earthworms and Plant Growth - Are They Related? Beans have a greater success rate of germinating in a warm environment then peas do, but peas have a greater success rate of germinating in a cold room., The results for the first fast plant grew taller by three centimeter or five centimeters each week. 0000010255 00000 n Furthermore, the activation of phenylpropanoid pathways is key to the synthesis of various phytochemicals and botanicals which might help in stress alleviation [38, 39]. the Sriti variety of mung bean seeds in vacuum packaging could maintain 90% of germination level for 421 days or 14.3 months if stored at20 , and for 173.37 days or 5.78 months if stored at 25 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.g003. Data on root and shoot cadmium acquisition along with growth and yield parameters was collected on maturity i.e., 75 days old. Label the beaker caffeine. as the title for your project. If there are more negative ions in the water, the liquid is more basic. The crop is highly enriched with nutrients and phytochemicals [1]. On the x-axis, NC represents the negative control group; Cd represents the positive control group; Cd+1% FM represents the group treated with Cd and FM 1% and Cd+2% FM represents the group treated with Cd and FM 2%. 1038 0 obj<>stream The improved functioning of these enzymes resulted in better crop performance in terms of growth and yield traits. Second, drop the coconut oil on the mung beans inside the plastic bag. The seeds were washed with tap water and then randomly divided into two groups, experimental and control. With each rinse cycle, look for spouting of the seeds. If you don't have much experience with plants, or don't have a good understanding of pH, it probably would be beneficial for you to learn more about growing plants, different types of soil, and so forth. A standard curve that was created using various AsA standards allowed for the calculation of the AsA concentration in the extracted leaf sample. The invoice value of the imported articles was $7,000 ($1- P50), however, customs officials. 0000101131 00000 n 0000101976 00000 n Prior to start of each treatment; the leaf fresh samples were weighed. This science fair project idea researches the effects of acid rain on plant growth. This germination investigation is very simple but fascinating. Click through the PLOS taxonomy to find articles in your field. Garden lime (its chemical name is calcium carbonate) will help make soil alkaline. It is probably best not to sprout these for eating. Azri-2006 were obtained for experimental trial from a local agricultural goods market. Plant three bean seeds into each of the seven large, plastic cups that have been filled about three-quarters of the way with potting soil. How to Attract Parrot to your Garden & Balcony? Yes I should transfer them to a pot with soil. 3. The Correlation analysis evaluates the statistical relationship between two variables. Soil to fill the cups about three-quarters full. Loss due to a, Ana, a vat registered lessor of commercial spaces received P1,337,500 rentals during the year from various clients, net of the 5% creditable withholding tax on rental income. PLOS ONE promises fair, rigorous peer review, Under stressful circumstances, plants increase organic osmotic pressure to maintain tissue water content and to upregulate antioxidant activity. Additionally, the decomposition of FM in the soil releases organic acids essential to proper growth and homeostasis [14]. You should have 50 strips to make sure you have enough for the experiment. Get new FREE Gifts. This might be due to accumulation of the heavy metal in the roots of mug bean plants. A least significance difference of 1.068 and 1.385 was observed among the treatment groups negative control, positive control, Cd +1% FM and Cd+ 2% FM for seed count per pod and thousand seed weight respectively. Calcium ions (Ca+2) and Cadmium ions (Cd+2) have the same valence and almost the same ionic radii. 2.1 Germination conditions. This experiment studied the protective effect of polyphenol extract from germinated mung beans on diabetic C57BL/6 mice.ResultsFasting blood glucose (FBG) was decreased, glucose tolerance was increased, insulin . For the temperature group, I did conditions at The weight of thousand seeds was also recorded. medium with less light had no germination occurred. In the present research, observations were recorded on important antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonium lyase (PAL). xb```b``AX,]$uwh_|?,|pp F FK2E^$0c $A>kXoHi::P!vA\@5@]J Eyr * 08t@VM ;,- MK ^GbC MR\bEBb@ c1 Z@6]{l-X5o1`? Seed Preparation and Germination. FM improves soil structure, porosity and physiochemical traits and thus FM application to soil induces tolerance to environmental stress such as heavy metal stress [11]. One responsible for bean seeds in sunlight and the other for darkness. Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. The seeds of mung bean with the concentration of 5%, 7.5%, and 10% consecutively upon three treatments showed no germination processes until the end of the observation. Activity 2: Sprouting Bean Experiment . It takes around 90 days for Pinto beans to grow. Writing original draft, Roles Yes In this study, 0.25 g of mung bean leaves were ground in 10 mL of a TCA solution with a 6 percent concentration. The mixtures were ultrasonicated to achieve uniform dispersions [13]. You also could put liquids other than water on plants to see how growth was affected. A least significant difference of 0.521 and 0.310 was observed among the four main treatment groups in reducing Cd acquisition in shoots and roots of the experimental mung bean plants. Part 1 Additional seeds can be placed in the pots in case some of the seeds do not germinate; the additional plants can be removed later. 0000027325 00000 n Under conditions of heavy metal stress, calcium is a crucial component for plant osmotic adaptation. 0000004805 00000 n The putrescine modulates the growth and biomass of mung bean plants. To explore the effect of caffein on plant growth, I planted, germinated, and grew mung beans. If you decide to create an account with us in the future, you will need to enable cookies before doing so. Did you know you can grow a bean in a jar with just a little water? https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.g002, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.t003. R4Lie(My+-&3t}m(QSk%l of seed germination and tank to which the repli-cation was assigned. You'll also control all other factors, such as how much water and light each plant gets. Warning - you are about to disable cookies. FM is a source of several mineral including sulphur which is crucial to biosynthesis of cytosolic antioxidants. Does Microwave Radiation Affect Seed Growth? Present it in a video presentation or photo documentation on the illustration table below. Effect of Artificial Light on Plant Growth. The five solutions consisted of distilled, filtered, tap, bottled and flavoured water. Throughout the course of a nine week period, five lima bean seeds were watered with five different solutions to see which will most enhance the growth of plants. The shortest wavelengths visible to the human eye are violet (400 nanometers). Knowing this, we aimed to determine how the salinity concentration present in the growth medium would affect the germination rate of mung beans. The crops are of paramount importance because these plants provide staple and basic food necessities for the people around the world. Once your seed has germinated and grown a little bit, youll need to transfer it into a pot of soil. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. All of these nutrients are crucial to plant survival, growth and completion of the life cycle. One drop of 10% alcoholic thiourea was added to the mixture. Under heavy metal stress, it can modulate a wide range of essential biological functions, including growth, physiology, and metabolic activities. The mung bean noodle production process mainly includes cleaning, washing, grinding, fermentation, mixing, extrusion, boiling, cooling, and drying (Fig. It is better to use transparent glass containers for easy visibility. Net photosynthesis, stomata conductance and total chlorophyll contents improved and Cd toxicity was moderated. Fill the cup with water up to the line to assure that each plant gets the same amount. Present developments in agriculture and industry have increased concentrations of Cd in the croplands. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is an important edible bean in the human diet worldwide. Ca as a mineral stabilizes the structure of the biological membrane by binding to the phospholipids in the membrane. The 1.25% and 2.5% both grew 2 cm and began sprouting a stalk. It will also attract worms that feed on the grounded coffee and at the same time help to aerate the soil. The data shows that beans germinate in a warm room and peas tolerate warm temperatures, but germinate best in colder temperatures. The observation were made on plant height and number of branches of the mung bean for the purpose of recording growth attribute. The students can see the emerging radicle from the seeds. Dry the seeds on newspaper. Discover a faster, simpler path to publishing in a high-quality journal. genotypes (BARI Mung-6 . The studied yield attributes included the number of pods per plant (Fig 5A), pods weight (Fig 5B), the number of seeds per pod (Fig 5C), and thousand seeds weights (Fig 5D). Ca forms complexes with the cell membrane lipids and thus it stabilizes the membrane structure. Make columns on the bag with a permanent marker. The constants (control variables) are the size of the pot, the concentration of caffeine and coffee, the amount of sunlight, the temperature of the environment (which will remain at room temperature) and the amount of water added daily. You also can purchase these supplies from your local pet supply store, hobby shop, or from online sources. This reduction in cotyledon mass is due to the redirection of energy to the hypocotyl and stem in etiolation, Measuring the Effect of Density on Growth of Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) Plants. Label the 3 pots water, caffeine or coffee. Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) grown under heavy metals such as cadmium stress shows poor growth patterns and yield attributes which can be extenuated by the application of calcium and organic manure to the contaminated soil. 993 0 obj <> endobj Mung beans will not germinate and grow if water salinity exceeds approximately 0.25% The salinity of seawater is approximately 3.5% so the salt tolerance of mung The levels of ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and total tocopherol contents (Vitamin K) were improved significantly (LSD 3.491 and 1.808, respectively) in all instances by the root treatment CaONPs (Fig 4E and 4F). To find the ideal Cd levels, a preliminary experiment was run using various concentrations of cadmium chloride (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 M). The same treatment improved shoot vitamin C (ascorbic acid) contents by 35% and functioning of antioxidant enzymes catalase and phenyl ammonia lyase by 16% and 51%, respectively and the levels of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide decreased by 57% and 42%, respectively with the application of 20 mg/L CaONPs and 2% of FM. After grinding, centrifugation was carried out for 5 minutes at a speed of 12000 rpm. The catalase (CAT) activity was checked using the Chance and Maehly [18] procedure. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531.g005. The easiest way to grow mung bean sprouts is to treat them like microgreens. The application of calcium nanoparticles and FM improved the contents of these vitamins. Higher levels of soil rhizosphere Cd result in poor stomatal conductance, reduction in net photosynthesis, and reduced transpiration in the mung bean plants. To soak mung beans, the ratio of raw material to water is 1:0.9, the water temperature is 30-40C, and the soaking time is 14-20 h. The ionic radius of calcium is 9.9x10-2 nm and that of cadmium is 9.7x10-2 nm. Application of CaONPs resulted in lowering of hydrogen peroxide contents and MDA accumulation. 0000006896 00000 n S Cd: Shoot cadmium contents; R Cd: Root cadmium contents; PH: Plant height; NOB/P: Number of branches per plant; MDA: malondialdehyde contents; H2O2: Hydrogen peroxide levels; CAT: Catalase functioning; PAL: Phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity; AA: Ascorbic acid; TP: Total Tocopherol contents; NOP/P: Number of pods per plant; PW: Pod weight; NS/P: number of seeds per pod; 1000 SW: Thousand seeds weight; TC: Total Chlorophyll contents. When there is a reduction in one variable, there will be an increase in the other, and vice versa, in a negative correlation. However, the author recommends further exploration under field conditions and in terms of other food crops to further validate the results. There often is controversy over the use of pesticides. Isn't a liquid just a liquid? Liquids will be either acidic or basic (also called alkaline), depending on whether they contain positive or negative ions. A is CO2 assimilation rate, E is net transpiration rate and gs is stomata conductance. After a few days in the light the bean plant kept in the dark was as luscious a green colour as its counterpart. Because of the more fertilizer added to a plant the fast plant grew taller and grew more numbers of leafs. In etiolation, the hypocotyl and stem begin to elongate due to hormones auxin and brassionosteroid and will continue to do so until the activation of phytochromes (3). This is really easy: soak a small handful of mung beans in (preferably filtered) water for 24 hours. Using grounded coffee in garden lawns is a common practice to make plants grow faster. It's extremely important that each cup is watered from the same bottle each time, and not from any other bottle. here. If the time is short, then Soybeans are the best variety to explain germination in a classroom. broad scope, and wide readership a perfect fit for your research every time. That's why it's recommended that when you water plants, you use small paper cups, pouring water from each two-liter bottle into its own paper cup, and then onto the bean plant. {In Pots}, Pros and Cons of Grow Bags | Suitable Size for Plants. Additionally, Ca acts as important signalling metal in cell cycle regulation events. Kids find out in this science fair project idea. Some are much more susceptible to heat or cold than others. from the Laboratory of Photodynamic Inactivation of Microorganisms, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstr34, Salzburg, Austria have published the paper: Towards Microbial Food Safety of Sprouts: Photodynamic Decontamination of Seeds, in the Journal: Photonics 2023, 239 of /2023/ what: The . Similarly, the assayed reactive oxygen species in the form of hydrogen peroxide increased due to cadmium stress (Fig 3B). These are air, sunlight, space to grow, water and nutrients. Cotyledon masses of plants grown in full light nearly doubled cotyledons grown in a dimly lit area. Cadmium chloride 150 M salt was mixed to the soil within the pots except the pots with negative control for the purpose of Cd stress after three weeks of seed germination in the pots. A total of 16 treatments were used indicated by number in red fonts. A total of 48 pots with 16 treatments (in triplicates) were employed. 4. Studies have reported that the application of calcium leads to the activation of defence genes in plants which are responsible for up-regulating the functioning of antioxidants. . Just be sure to always give the seeds in each cup the same amount of water. Investigation, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282531, Editor: Arun Kumar Shanker, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, INDIA, Received: October 27, 2022; Accepted: February 9, 2023; Published: March 2, 2023. Soil is home to a great number and wide range of microorganisms, among them algae, fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Methodology, Affiliation The plants will require more water as they get larger. Yes The sunlight gives the plant food that will make it increase in size. PCA loading charts show that there is a significant correlation among the variables. 0000005390 00000 n Hosseini et al., [28] reported that calcium application and bioavailability as Ca+2 increased the biosynthesis of putrescine. 0000018456 00000 n A mixture of 4 mL of leaf extract and 2 mL of a Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine solution at 2% was used. Best Fertilizer: The Effects of Fertilizer on Plant Growth. XLSTAT version 2014 was used to construct the Pearson correlation matrix, heat map, and principal component analysis (Addinsoft, Paris France) [25]. It's important to weed the garden bed regularly since mung beans do not compete well for water or nutrients. Using a metric ruler, measure the plants and record your observations every four days. It was hypothesized that the beans and peas that were put in the warm room would germinate fastest. The leaves were then submerged for four hours in distilled water. Improved structure and porosity of the soil due to the addition of FM results in better uptake of water. Application of FM leads to improvement in soil physical and chemical characteristics which are important for proper growth and metabolism [29, 30]. Ask them to check on the beans every day to see sprouting and then harvest their efforts after about 60 days. What amazes me the most is that all this can grow from one tiny seed with no additional nutrients other than those contained in the bean itself. In the experiment described below, you'll use distilled water as your control, and water with varying pH levels as your variables. Now ask the students to put different types of green beans inside the bag within each column, including Pole beans, Yardlong beans, and Runner beans. Also seen in de-etiolation is cotyledon expansion, which was also observed in the experiment. Vigna radiata, also known as the green gram or mung bean, is a plant species in the legume family. With the advent and revamp of the education system, the classroom has become the area of exploring new horizons. Place the bean seed in the jar resting on the napkin. If you enjoyed this experiment and want to try another variation of it, you could try to grow plants hydroponically-that is, in water instead of dirt-while varying the pH level of the water. Use a cup or jar to hold your cotton balls, then add beans, water, and sunlight to make your beans sprout. In plants, CAT is a major scavenger of hydrogen peroxide, a form of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [36]. endstream endobj 994 0 obj<>/Outlines 49 0 R/Metadata 98 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 97 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/OCProperties<>/StructTreeRoot 100 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20060510121803)/PageLabels 95 0 R>> endobj 995 0 obj<>/PageElement<>>>/Name(HeaderFooter)/Type/OCG>> endobj 996 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>/ExtGState<>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 997 0 obj<> endobj 998 0 obj<> endobj 999 0 obj<> endobj 1000 0 obj[/ICCBased 1022 0 R] endobj 1001 0 obj[/Indexed 1000 0 R 144 1033 0 R] endobj 1002 0 obj[/Indexed 1000 0 R 252 1035 0 R] endobj 1003 0 obj[/Indexed 1000 0 R 255 1023 0 R] endobj 1004 0 obj<> endobj 1005 0 obj<> endobj 1006 0 obj<> endobj 1007 0 obj<> endobj 1008 0 obj<>stream