What do you have around the house that can be recycled or reused to make a modern version of some of their toys? Many games were quite familiar to us. It is first mentioned by Varro (11627 BCE) and alluded to by Martial and Ovid. Routledge. The indigenous North American peoples played various kinds of stickball games, which are the ancestors of modern lacrosse. One such game was called 'poleis' (city states) and was a game of battle on a checkered board. Toys and play in eighteenth-century America Historical interpreters demonstrate some common children's toys and games from colonial America. My boys had one they loved for years. [53] The modern tile game Mahjong is based on older Chinese card games like Khanhoo, peng hu, and shi hu.[54]. Pachisi is an Indian game played since at least the 16th century on a board shaped like a symmetrical cross. The symbolism of the text indicates that some of these games were given metaphysical significance. Only boys swam though, as bathing suits had not been invented. OED Online. Both games were promoted in Japan by the Tokugawa shogunate in the 17th century, and top players (Meijin) received government endowments. Just like today, people of the 18th Century enjoyed parlor and tavern games, often gambling. Arneson and Gygax then met and collaborated on the first Dungeons & Dragons game which was released in 1974 by Gygax's TSR. I have a feeling they will enjoy them as much as children did 2000 years ago. Understanding Religion and Popular Culture: Theories, Themes, Products and Practices (2012). Some of the most common pre-historic and ancient gaming tools were made of bone, especially from the Talus bone, these have been found worldwide and are the ancestors of knucklebones as well as dice games. Provenzo, Asterie Baker and Eugene F. Provenzo, Jr. While some have fallen out of common use, many toys common to that period are tucked away in playrooms, bedrooms and living rooms of our own homes today. Rocking horses, then as now, were a staple of nurseries everywhere. 2013. p. 4. Also in the 18th-century cricket took on its modern form. The other players form a circle around the blindfolded personwithin a confined area. Christian And Muslim Playing Chess. India saw a number of games in ancient period ranging from the various dice games to other board games. Diplomacy was a game favored by John F. Kennedy, and Henry Kissinger. Letters, journals, and even existing game pieces can tell us a lot about the games they played in George Mason's lifetime. A Babylonian treatise on the game written on a clay tablet shows that the game had astronomical significance and that it could also be used to tell one's fortune. [9] Researches have called the find Dogs and Pigs. The first cricket club was formed at Hambledon in Hampshire about 1750. The child with the most sticks at the end is the winner. Skull & Bones takes place during the golden age of piracy on the waters of the Indian Ocean. History: Nine pins is another game with a multitude of names and some variation in play. Gary Gygax of the University of Minnesota's wargaming society developed a set of rules for a late medieval milieu. This is a two-player game with each player choosing a side of the board. The 18th-century Prussian officer, adventurer, and author Friedrich Freiherr von der Trenck makes mention of playing faro in his memoirs (February 1726 - 25 July 1794). A large number of Chess variants were also developed, with varying pieces, rules, boards and scoring. Der spielende Mensch IV, 1994, 4766. Drabble, Margaret; The Pattern in the Carpet: A Personal History with Jigsaws, page 107, 2009. Learn how to play games like the Game of the Goose and Whist over a glass of . Elite players such as Al-Adli, al-Suli and Ar-Razi were called aliyat or "grandees" and played at the courts of the Caliphs and wrote about the game. The use of cubical and oblong dice was common in the Indus Valley Harappan civilization (c. 2300 BC). This hierarchy determined everything about society and etched their fate eternally in stone. Avalon Hill's Civilization introduced the use of the technology tree (or "tech tree"), variants of which have been implemented in numerous later board and video games such as Sid Meier's Civilization. The game was prohibited by multiple monarchs including Edward III and Richard II for fear it might impinge on the practice of archery. The immortal game, chapter 3, 2006, Anchor Books. The Royal Game of Ur, or Game of Twenty Squares was played with a set of pawns on a richly decorated board and dates from 2600 to 2400 BCE. The first trading card game was 'The Base Ball Card Game' produced by The Allegheny Card Co. and registered on 4 April 1904. If so this would be the oldest archaeological evidence for a game in the Americas.[56]. Other board games such as Backgammon, Scrabble and Risk are also played professionally with dedicated world championships. Hazel nuts [cob nuts] were equally used to play the game then called 'conquers', before the horse chestnut tree was introduced into England in the late 16th century. L'Attaque was subsequently adapted by the Chinese into Luzhanqi (or Lu Zhan Jun Qi), and by Milton Bradley into Stratego, the latter having been trademarked in 1960 while the former remains in the public domain. Some archeologists think that stones carved with long rows, dated between 7000 BCE and 9000 BCE, were used for a mancala-like game.[6]. The history of games dates to the ancient human past. The square board was flat and consisted of three squares in progressively larger size, one inside the other, each having eight holes drilled into it, three holes to a side, for a total of 24 holes. H. G. Wells published rules in his Floor Games (1911) and Little Wars (1913) designed for wargaming with toy soldiers. Although mothers and nursery maids may have wished for it, children could not always play outside. This form of gambling combined the advantages of rational calculation and inexpensive fantasy with quick results. The Jockey Club was formed in 1727 and the Derby began in 1780. Lydia Maria Child in her book, Girls Own Book (1833), suggests: Little girls should not be afraid of being well tired (playing battledore and shuttlecocks) that will do them good but excessive fatigue should be avoided especially where it is quite unnecessary. Cricket can be traced back to Tudor times in early 16th-century England and the modern rules of association football and rugby football are based on mid-19th century rules made to standardise the football games played by English public schools. History: Quoits is a ring toss game, possibly going as far back as Ancient Greece but certainly as old as 14th-century England. Experiment with the size of the circles and the placement of the holes, what is the best combination? Continuing the theme of ancient games, children of both sexes enjoyed the game of battledore and shuttlecock, a predecessor of badminton. The earliest board games published in the United States were based upon Christian morality and included The Mansion of Happiness (1843) and The Game of Pope or Pagan, or The Siege of the Stronghold of Satan by the Christian Army (1844). Boys would roll metal and wooden hoops, propelling them with another stick. Games and Pastimes in the 18th century Traditional games remained popular, including chess, draughts, and backgammon. As today, the shoe was pitched at a post in the ground. A depiction of Pachisi is found in the caves of Ajanta Cavesin Maharashtra, showing that the game was quite popular in the Medieval Era. Then in 1759, a man named John Jeffries invented an entirely new board game called A Journey Through Europe or The Play of Geography in which players race across a map of Europe. The other pieces were replaced by the metal jacks of today which are said to be reminiscent of the original animal knucklebones. [31] Another game named Chaturaji was similar but played with four sides of differing colors instead of two, however the earliest source for this four sided board game is Al-Biruni's 'India', circa 1030 AD. [14] The game of Ur was also popular with the lower classes, as attested by a 2,700-year-old graffiti version of the game, scratched onto a gateway to a palace in Khorsabad. Different from modern bowling, the pins are often set up as a diamond pattern (1-2-3-2-1) but this was also prone to change with the names. In his 1938 book, Homo Ludens, Dutch cultural historian Johan Huizinga argued that games were a primary condition of the generation of human cultures. It was also a family affair. History: The origins of this toy are particularly difficult to track down with any certainty. Guessing Game Left image Question: What is it? This game was called Chainmail and was a historical game, but later editions included an appendix for adding fantasy elements such as spells, wizards and dragons. Im sure children of the era found it as endlessly entertaining as I do! Enslaved Africans brought knowledge of this game to the Americas when they were taken into slavery. Al-Adli (800870) is known for writing Kitab ash-shatranj (book of chess), a comprehensive work on the game, including history, openings, endgames and chess problems. No doubt many Georgian mothers and nursery maids thought the same thing. Spinning toys have always been popular. In store-bought games there is often an oblong scoring bin at either end of the board. Toy soldiers for the boys and dolls and doll houses for the girls populated houses with children as well. Jury Box, published in 1935, was the first murder mystery game which served as the basis for games like Cluedo. Outdoor games were very popular during holidays and fairs and were played by all classes. The first documented game of poker dates from an 1833 Mississippi river steamer. [63] The four suits most commonly encountered today (spades, hearts, diamonds, and clubs) appear to have originated in France circa 1480. Many of the early Arabic texts which refer to these games often debate the legality and morality of playing them. Shenk, David. The object of the game is to take turns placing your pins so as to form a straight line of three of the same-color pins, while you prevent your opponent from doing the same. Ludus duodecim scriptorum table in the museum at Ephesus, an ancestor of Backgammon. Pages in category "18th-century card games" The following 60 pages are in this category, out of 60 total. Both boys and girls played with tops and buzzers, apparently noisy, dizzy things have a universal appeal. Bodle, Andy, Leaders of the pack: A short history of cards, Waddingtons Family Card Games, Robert Harbin, Pan Books Ltd, London, 1972, Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, p. 340, David Parlett. The ban was lifted by James IV in 1502 who also played golf. Video: Alamance Battleground Toys Duration: 10:02 Transcript: Video Transcript Historical interpreter (00:00) Children in the colonial times did not have a whole lot of time to play. [10] The earliest board games were a pastime for the elite and were sometimes given as diplomatic gifts according to a study published in Antiquity. In the 18th-century people continued to play tennis and a rough version of football. Libro de los juegos. In 1997 the first Mind Sports Olympiad was held in London and included traditional as well as modern board games. The moral lesson of the game was that spiritual liberation, or Moksha could only be achieved through virtuous action, while vice led to endless reincarnation. With a new game released everyday, you can enter a world of solitaire whenever you want! Players moved . Knowing how children (and adults) played and what they played with paints a vivid picture for me of what life was like in an historical era. In the 1700s, children played games that required skill, chance, dexterity, and a competitive spirit, much the same as children do today. Baseball was the name for it in the home counties, which amuses me mightily as it's not such an all-American game as some like to claim. ", "A 4,000-Year-Old Bronze Age Game Called 58 Holes Has Been Discovered in Azerbaijan Rock Shelter", "Cultural Transmission in the Ancient Near East: twenty squares and fifty-eight holes", "4,000-Year-Old Game Board Carved into the Earth Shows How Nomads Had Fun", "Archaeologists discover 4,000-year-old stone board game", "16 of the Most Interesting Ancient Board and Dice Games", http://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/the-indian-games-of-pachisi-chaupar-and-chausar/, "Iran Chamber Society: Sport in Iran: CHESS, Iranian or Indian Invention? The Industrial Revolution, which began in Britain in the late 18th century, . In 1674 Charles Cotton published his Compleat Gamester, one of the first books which set out to outline rules for many card and dice games. [59] Although the rules of the games were never explicitly recorded, it seems to have been a game with uneven forces (2:1 ratio) and the goal of one side was to escape to the side of the board with a King while the other side's goal was to capture him. [66] A version of the game called Ludo was patented in 1896. By 1933, a board game had been created much like the version of modern Monopoly by the Parker Brothers. Colonial Virginians at Play. April 14, 2020, | The name 'petteia' seems to be a generic term for board game and refers to various games. Old Hollywood and even older royals from the quill of Catherine Curzon. It may have originated in ancient Rome, but was certainly popular in the 17th century. Among the differences in these classes were the attitudes that each one exhibited. Girls risked little fatigue with the game of lawn bowls, a game originating in the 13th century. However, some names denote the same game, while some names are used for more than one game. [61] Initially there were many differing local Chess games with varying rules or assizes such as Short assize chess, Courier chess and Dice Chess. The home video game industry was eventually revitalized with the third generation of game consoles over the next few years, which saw a shift in the dominance of the video game industry from the United States to Japan. By 1889 wargaming was firmly embedded in the culture of the U.S. The other example of a board game in ancient Egypt is "Hounds and Jackals", also known as 58 holes. The game of seven stones is mentioned in the Bhgvata Purna, a text written in 1000 AD at the latest. The pre-modern Chinese also played ball games such as Cuju which was a ball and net game similar to football, and Chuiwan, which is similar to modern golf. I was surprised to find that many of the toys and games of the Georgian era would be familiar to children and parents of today. Among aristocrats, gaming was an indication of status, rank, wealth and class. The production of consumer goods vastly increased during the 18th century meaning a much greater variety of toys were available to children and their parents, beyond the simple wooden dolls, miniature animals or hobby-horses of earlier periods. [12] The game was played by moving draughtsmen on a board of 30 squares arranged into three parallel rows of ten squares each. ", "The most popular board games in non-Western cultures", "Lagori Sports | About | History | Rules & Facts | How to Play", Kho Kho, a kabaddi-like sport linked with Indian epic Mahabharata know all about it, http://www.gamecabinet.com/rules/DominoIntro.html, From Cards to Tiles: The Origin of Mahjong(g)s Earliest Suit Names, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2010/12/101210-dice-gaming-gambling-native-american-indian-casinos-science/, The Ball: Discovering the Object of the Game, "Los Libros de Acedrex Dados E Tablas: Historical, Artistic and Metaphysical Dimensions of Alfonso Xs Book of Games", http://gamesmuseum.uwaterloo.ca/VirtualExhibits/Whitehill/parcheesi/, http://lvtfan.typepad.com/lvtfans_blog/2011/01/lizzie-magie-1902-commentary-the-landlords-game.html, "German recreation: An affinity for rules? Right image In 1956, Jack Scruby, known as the "Father of Modern Miniature Wargaming" organized the first miniatures convention and he was also a manufacturer of military miniatures and editor of a wargaming newsletter. Williamsburg, Virginia: Colonial Williamsburg, 1989. The one pictured is a replica Spanish Milled Dollar on string. The cue sports are generally regarded as having developed into indoor games from outdoor stick-and-ball lawn games (retroactively termed ground billiards),[85] and as such to be related to trucco, croquet and golf, and more distantly to the stickless bocce and bowls. The players strategically moved their pieces based on the throw of sticks or bones. The J. Paul Getty Museum, 75.DA.2, 75.DA.8.2-.3, and 72.DF.56.1-.2. The Assassin's Creed series has a love for setting its games in different times in human history. It spread throughout Africa, and eventually there was a version in almost every African country each with their own names and variations in play. In 1851, the first international chess tournament was held in London and won by Adolf Anderssen. [58], The Tafl games were a family of ancient Germanic and Celtic board games played across much of Northern Europe from earlier than 400 CE until the 12th century. Lower points were given for shoes that lean on or touched the post. The game now known as Ludo was then called Pachisi (/ptizi/)[35][circular reference]. These team sports were spread worldwide by the influence of the British empire. Regardless of how old we are, we never stop learning. Recent wargames such as 'A distant plain', 'Labyrinth' and the satirical War on Terror have focused on counterinsurgency and contemporary terrorism. The same board could be used to play a solitaire game in which the goal was to remove pieces by jumping them and end the game with a single piece in a designated space. National First Ladies' Library: 18th Century Games for Children; Martha Jefferson. Over time, the Jack stone was replaced by first a wooden ball, then a rubber one. Players got points for tosses that resulted in the shoe encircling the post. This two player strategy resembles tic-tac-toe in the three man version, where the object is to get three of your pieces in a row, but unlike tic-tac-toe, the men can move along the game board. [5] Dice were invented at least 5 000 years ago and early dice probably did not have six sides. If correct, they continued in the game; if incorrect, they sat down and observed for the remainder of the game. Boules, lawn billiards (later brought indoors as billiards), skittles (an ancestor of modern ten pin bowling), medieval football, kolven, stoolball (an ancestor of cricket), jeu de paume (early racket-less tennis), horseshoes and quoits all predate the early modern era. http://www.escapistmagazine.com/articles/view/video-games/issues/issue_42/253-The-Revolution-Began-With-Paper.2, http://www.neatorama.com/2014/08/18/Rollin-Bones-The-History-of-Dice/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_games&oldid=1138748999, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from September 2011, Articles lacking reliable references from February 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 February 2023, at 11:05. While demonstrating the commercial viability of the ancient race game format, its moralistic overtones were countered by Milton Bradley in 1860 with the introduction of a radically different concept of success in The Checkered Game of Life, in which material successes came as a result of accomplishments such as attending college, marrying, and getting rich. The first board game for which the name of its designer is known is 'A Journey Through Europe or the Play of Geography', a map-based game published in 1759 by John Jefferys, a Geography and writing teacher. For an even more minimalist version, go outside! Here are a few examples of games from the 1800s that involve a mixing of the genders ~ Puss, Puss in the Corner For the game, all that you need is a fairly square room with four corners and the furniture moved out of the way. Page 88. Other pre-modern European board games include Rithmomachy or "the philosophers game", Alquerque, Fox & Geese, nine men's morris, draughts, Nim, Catch the Hare and the Game of the Goose. Christopher Kelly. Some historians believe that mancala is the oldest game in the world based on the archaeological evidence found in Jordan that dates around 6000 BCE. Moreover, parents of this era did not commonly subscribe to the early philosophy of making children into miniature adults, but rather allowing them to be children and amuse themselves accordingly. Moksha Patam), popularly known as snakes and ladders. Shatranj set, glazed fritware, 12th century. During the Regency era though, girls clearly enjoyed the sport as well. Cross and circle games such as Chaupar and Pachisi may be very old games, but so far their history has not been established prior to the 16th century. [84] Sic bo was introduced into the United States by Chinese immigrants in the 20th century and is now a popular casino game. Others have credited the invention of the game to Dnyaneshwar (known also as Dnyandev), a Marathi saint who lived during the 13 th century AD. As many as 100 to 1,000 men from opposing villages or tribes would participate. Though there isn't any particular proof, it is said that Indian Maharajas invented the game centuries ago. [27] It passed from Sassanid Persia to the neighboring Byzantine Empire at an early date, and a Tzykanisterion (stadium for playing polo) was built by emperor Theodosius II (r. 408450) inside the Great Palace of Constantinople. This list mentions games on boards with 8 or 10 rows (Ashtapada and Daapada), games which use floor diagrams (one game called Parihra-patham is similar to hop-scotch), dice games and ball games. They meet, and recite the following. Texts such as the Mahabharata indicate that dice games were popular with Kings and royalty, and also had ceremonial purposes. Do you have any creative house rules? Chinese Chess or Xiangqi seems to have been played during the Tang dynasty, any earlier attestation is problematic. Have an adult help with the cutting. A pile of spillikins, which might be simple sticks or splinters or more elaborately carved pieces resembling tool and other objects, were dropped on a table. WALES AND THE SCANDAL; THE PRINCE OWNED THE BACCARAT COUNTERS. Feed a string through and tie a knot. Checkmate comes from the Persian term in the game, Shah-Mat, meaning 'the king is dead'. A History of Chess from Chaturanga to the Present Day, 2012, Russell Enterprises, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFNeedham2004 (. [80] Poker's popularity experienced an unprecedented spike at the beginning of the 21st century, largely because of the introduction of online poker and hole-card cameras, which turned the game into a spectator sport. All children lined up and were given a word to spell. [12] Senet may have also been used in a ritual religious context. Similarly, evidence of the game we know as jacks and its earlier version, knuckle bones suggest they were played in the ancient world over 2000 years ago. Hopscotch is another equally ancient game. THE NEW GAME OF HUMAN LIFE. Snakes and Ladders is 4,000 Years Old? The times explored include the Third Crusade, 15th century Florence, colonization of the United . It had a board with 1,666 squares of varying types of terrain, with pieces representing modern military units. During the 1980s there was a boom in miniature wargaming with the development of games such as Warhammer Fantasy Battle and Warhammer 40,000. Tennis and a rough version of football were also popular. "Theodosius II: Rethinking the Roman Empire in Late Antiquity" Cambridge University Press. Or, continue with the donation form below. This was later shortened to craps and after several adaptations became the most popular gambling dice game in the United States. Skull and Bones Action 2023 A pirate tactical action game developed by a Shanghai-based studio working under Ubisoft. In ancient China, Go was one of the four cultivated arts of the Chinese scholar gentleman, along with calligraphy, painting and playing the musical instrument guqin, and examinations of skill in those arts was used to qualify candidates for service in the bureaucracy. Toy theaters complete with doll house like stage and backdrops and metal or paper characters were also comments. March 2020. I. [14] Excavations at Shahr-e Sukhteh ("The Burnt City") in Iran have shown that the game also existed there around 3000 BCE. While toys were often expensive, poorer families could buy cheaper ones made out of paper - soldiers, dolls, rooms with figures to put in them, all to be cut out and made up by the children at home. This list may not reflect recent changes . What other materials can you use for the circle? The first Official World Chess Championship was held in 1886 in the United States and won by Wilhelm Steinitz. It is unknown exactly how Xiangqi developed. Soon after modern time control rules were adopted for competitive play. By 1200, it had reached Britain and Scandinavia. Go, also known as Weiqi, Igo, or Baduk (in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, respectively), is first mentioned in the historical annal Zuo Zhuan[44] (c. 4th century BC[45]). Children love to play outside. In Japan, Go and Shogi became the major board games played at a professional level. See disclaimer. [15][16] Games such as Nard and the Roman game Ludus Duodecim Scriptorum (game of 12 points, also known as simply "dice", lat. During the 15th century card suits began to approach the contemporary regional styles and the court cards evolved to represent European royalty. Chaturanga (which means 'quadripartite' and also 'army'), the predecessor of Chess, possibly developed in the Indian subcontinent or Central Asia during the Kushan (30375 CE) or Gupta (320550 CE) periods from an amalgamation of other game features and was transmitted to Sassanid Persia (where it was known as Shatranj) and China through the Silk Road. Early role-playing games such as those made by M. A. R. Barker and Greg Stafford developed from miniature figure wargames. Their history, detailed in Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries, provides us with an insight into the life and times of cultures across the globe. Games were important as cultural and social bonding events, as teaching tools and as markers of social status. Schdler, Ulrich; Latrunculi, A forgotten Roman game of strategy reconstructed; in Homo Ludens. The first non-military wargame rules were developed by Naval enthusiast and analyst Fred T. Jane in 1898. Martin, Joanna. Many people in the 18th century played a variety of card, dice, and board games. In 2009 the International Federation of Poker was founded in Lausanne, Switzerland, becoming the official governing body for poker. [6] These bones were also sometimes used for oracular and divinatory functions. April 13, 2020, | Polo (Persian: chawgan, Arabic: sawlajan) was first played in Sassanid Persia. The 80s saw several Dungeons & Dragons controversies such as the claims that the game promoted Satanism and witchcraft. Girls played jump rope, London Bridge, hopscotch and blind man's bluff -- games still played by children today. In this 1790 game, players moved through different stages of life, from infancy onward. en Clanton, D.W., Jr (ed.) Chaupar was a popular gambling game at the court of Mughal emperor Akbar the Great (15561605). Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Princeton-Hall, Inc., 1981, pp.110-112. Dice games were popular throughout the Americas. Children could act out familiar stories for their playmates or their families. The dominance of Britain as a world power during this time had a particularly powerful effect in sports, as it organized many . 2020 Leaf Group Ltd. / Leaf Group Media, All Rights Reserved. Cervantes was a gambler, and the main characters of his tale Rinconete y Cortadillo are cheats proficient at playing ventiuna (twenty-one). Have you ever played tag, hide-and-seek, hopscotch, yo-yo, puzzles, dominoes, marbles, pick-up sticks, jump rope, spinning tops, leap frog, card decks, dice, and dolls? The emperor himself was a fan of the game and was known to play on a courtyard of his palace using slaves as playing pieces. [73] Whist was widely played during the 18th and 19th centuries,[74] having evolved from the 16th century game of Trump (or Ruff) by way of Ruff and Honours.[75][76]. This was a game which was intended to teach lessons about karma and good and bad actions, the ladders represented virtues and the snakes vices. The Games of Africa. Dolls with changeable clothes and houses for them to live in first appeared on the marked in the mid-18th century. Other implements could have included shells, stones and sticks. Early European card games included Noddy, Triomphe, All Fours, Piquet, Basset, Hofamterspiel, Karnffel, and Primero. The Abbasid Caliphs Harun al-Rashid and Al-Ma'mun were avid Shatranj players. Jackstraws was a game played by Native American children and taught to colonial youngsters. The word mancala: comes from the Arabic word naqala: meaning literally "to move". The aim of the game is to move all four of your pieces around the board before your opponents do, with the central square acting as the start and finish point. Children played a game called "huzzlecap" in the 18th century using pennies, when they were available. He mentions the game frequently in his autobiography. The upper echelons of French society considered games a highly instructive learning tool for the little ones. Children and adults played many games to keep themselves entertained during long evenings where the firelight was not strong enough to support other activities like reading or sewing. Carson, Jane. In the medieval period, poor boys would often use hazel nuts for marbles, if there was no suitable clay near them.
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