Reactogenicity analysis results are presented as percentage of participants. It varies from person to person, but how dramatic the initial response is does not necessarily relate to the long-term response. Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine in children aged 6-17 years: A preliminary report of COV006, a phase 2 single-blind, randomised, controlled trial. Interestingly, individuals with blood type A produced lower amounts of IFN- at 180240 days after vaccination and had lower neutralizing antibodies at 114 days than those with blood type B. Methods: This prospective, multicenter, observational, longitudinal study involved 595 participants with a negative SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction result who were serologically tested and followed for 8 months after vaccination. Immunol. At intervals of 2 months, 8 mL of blood samples was collected from volunteers and distributed into four tubes (2 mL/tube) with or without the EDTA anticoagulant (two tubes for each) to detect neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response parameters. A few side effects are serious, but rare. Recombinant protein subunit vaccine booster following two-dose inactivated vaccines dramatically enhanced anti-RBD responses and neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 and variants of concern. Those who are O-negative may be the least likely to get COVID. Reactogenicity analysis was based on solicited adverse events in 425 and 143 participants from the control and intervention groups, respectively, 30 days after vaccination. Previous research has found that people with A blood types are more at risk. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. xhr.send(payload); If a patient was O-negative, they were particularly protected from the novel coronavirus, the authors noted. Type O blood, the most common in the U.S., provides some protection against COVID. Finally, individuals with certain occupations, including workers, especially older individuals and men, had low levels of antibodies and had weakened cellular immune responses following the second dose compared to their counterparts, suggesting that a longer gap between vaccine doses, which is a strategy in effect in some countries, should be re-evaluated, especially for more susceptible populations. Neurological autoimmune diseases following vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2: a case series. BMI, body mass index; LSMD, least-square mean difference. Yet these risks are relative, meaning people with type O blood are not immune to COVID-19. O is the most common blood type in the U.S.: 37 percent of white Americans fall into this category, according to the American Red Cross, with the numbers rising to 47 percent among African-Americans, 53 percent among Latinx-Americans, and 39 percent of Asian-Americans. (BE) Kinetics of neutralizing antibodies according to (B) vaccination type, (C) age, (D) occupation, and (E) sex. The log-transformed level of interferon-gamma, CD4+ T-cell count, B-lymphocyte count, and IL-6 level were used as independent variables. Table1 Baseline characteristics of the study participants (N = 595). doi:10.6061/clinics/2021/e3286 "Rh blood type was protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially for those who were O-negative," they wrote. After adjusting for age, sex, occupation, blood type, interval between doses of vaccination, vaccination duration, and BMI, the highest geometric mean concentration (GMC) of neutralizing antibodies was 53.1 IU/mL in the same-manufacturer vaccination group at 1530 days, which was slightly but significantly higher than the 44.6 IU/mL found in the mixed-manufacturer vaccination group (p < 0.001) (Table2; Figure2B). why people on blood thinners shouldn't get the vaccine. Safety and immunogenicity of heterologous boost immunisation with an orally administered aerosolised Ad5-nCoV after two-dose priming with an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Chinese adults: A randomised, open-label, single-centre trial. This can result in pain, redness, or swelling at . } J Med Internet Res (2021) 23:e26089. John Quinn is a London-based writer and editor who specializes in lifestyle topics. There have been multiple studies on blood types and COVID-19 risk. Participants with blood type A and workers had lower levels of IFN- than those with blood type B and medical staff, respectively (B = 0.16, 95% CI 0.040.28, p = 0.01 and B = 0.27, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.07, p = 0.008, respectively; Table3; Figures3B, C). Safety of COVID-19 Vaccines Some people have no side effects. These include anaphylaxis, a severe reaction . We excluded 14 (2.4%) participants from the regression analysis and mixed model analysis due to missing data: 8 who withdrew their consent, 2 who did not answer age-related questions, 2 who missed a follow-up visit, and 2 who did not provide blood samples (Figure1). The retailer's cutting-edge new offering is angering some local residents. A retrospective analysis of clinically confirmed long post-COVID vaccination syndrome. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 booster in ChAdOx1-s-primed participants (CombiVacS): A multicentre, open-label, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial. 2023 Feb 25;28(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s40001-023-00992-0. People with Type O blood might be slightly more protected from the virus, and people with Type A slightly more vulnerable. That's why people are observed for at least 15 minutes after receiving the vaccine with epinephrine at the ready. This unusual clotting may cause different complications, including organ damage, heart attack and stroke. Nausea. Accessibility But theres another interesting layer to a potential protective element in Type O blood: something called von Willebrand factor, which is a glycoprotein in charge of repairing damage to blood vessels by prompting your blood to clot. Finsterer J. Blood type is actually a pretty weak player, Dr. Udden says. 1:38 Syncope following injection 2:36 Primarily headaches 3:37 Clotting disorder after vaccination 4:37 Any neurological events 4:50 Dexamethasone and surgical site infection 5:51 Also had people. "It's pretty clear that Type O is protective to some degree. Wong MCS, Wong ELY, Huang J, Cheung AWL, Law K, Chong MKC, et al. Applies to sars-cov-2 (covid-19) mrna-1273 vaccine: intramuscular suspension. Lau YL, Fan Leung T, Sirvan Cetin B, Cagri Dinleyici E, Huang LM, Halperin SA, et al. Researchers have been talking about blood type and COVID-19 susceptibility for months. The levels of IFN- and CD4+ T-lymphocytes were not altered in the participants for 240 days after vaccination, whereas the levels of neutralizing antibodies, B-lymphocytes, and IL-6 decreased with increasing time after vaccination. What You Need to Know Exacerbating GuillainBarr syndrome eight days after vectorbased COVID19 vaccination. This "Covid arm" rash can be red, itchy, swollen, or painful. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200928-01013, 5. 2021 Oct 11;76:e3286. A higher IL-6 level was associated with older age, mixed-manufacturer vaccinations, intervals of less than 40 days between two doses of vaccination, and medical staff. In this study, the older population produced lower levels of neutralizing antibodies, IFN-, B-lymphocytes, and IL-6, similar to that in previous studies (3, 25). Unfolding the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in China. All Rights Reserved. COVID19 vaccination acceptance among healthcare workers and nonhealthcare workers in China: a survey. One of the most unusual and serious side-effects of the COVID-19 vaccine jab, which has been reported from various corners is Blood clotting. Read on to find out if you're safe, and for more risky behavior to be aware of, know that It Only Takes This Long to Get COVID in a Room With Someone Who Has It. In both intervention and control groups, the positive rate of neutralizing IgG antibodies specific to the SARS-CoV-2 RBD slowly increased to 84.1% from 1 to 14 days, peaked at 97.7% from 60 to 90 days, and then slowly decreased and remained at 82.9% from 180 to 240 days after the second vaccination. To date, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a newly emerging infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected over 600 million people worldwide and killed over 6 million people (1, 2). The following outcomes were selected and defined by the authors based on information from regulatory authorities, previous studies, large-scale adverse events initiatives: febrile seizure, aseptic. The platelets, which normally promote wound healing, end up clumping and causing blood. Associations were observed between blood type and production of neutralizing antibodies and IFN-. You've read a lot about what puts you at an increased risk of having a severe case of COVID-19, from smoking to carrying around extra weight to being over a certain age. It is suggested that pain in the application area is the most frequent side effect among workers in a Mexican hospital who received the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine against COVID-19. Glob Health Res Policy (2022) 7:21. doi:10.1186/s41256-022-00255-1, 12. Neurological side effects occur with any of the approved vaccines but VST particularly occurs after vaccination with vector-based vaccines. Patients were identified based on self-report of receiving the vaccine. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2027187, Keywords: cellular immune response, COVID-19, inactive vaccine, kinetics, neutralizing antibody, Citation: Yuan Y, Xu J, Ma B, Chen G, Wang Z, Wang S, Jing N, Zhang J, Wang B, Yan W, Zhang Q, Zhao Q and Li Y (2023) Characteristics of humoral and cellular responses to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) inactivated vaccine in central China: A prospective, multicenter, longitudinal study. "The long-term side effects of COVID infection are a major concern," Goepfert said. A linear regression analysis using a mixed-effect model showed that age, vaccination mode, occupation, interval between doses of vaccination, and vaccination duration were factors significantly associated with the levels of neutralizing antibodies (Tables13; Tables S1S7). "There are two possibilities: You're Type O so you might not contract the virus because it has no landing stripthere's nothing to attach to," Dr. Udden explains. According to the manufacturers instructions, values > 100 IU/mL were considered as 100 IU/mL. This article is part of Harvard Medical School's continuing coverage of medicine, biomedical research, medical education and policy related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the disease COVID-19. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday published new data listing the most common side effects Americans reported after receiving shots of Pfizer 's or Moderna 's Covid-19 vaccines. Even DNA testing company 23andMe tapped their customers and found that among 750,000 people who were diagnosed and hospitalized for Covid (this was prior to vaccines), those with type O were more protected. Figure3 Quantitation of cell immune responses on days 1240 following administration of the Chinese inactivated vaccine. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). Based on our research, we rate FALSE the claim that 1 million "COVID-vaccine injuries" are reported in a CDC database. Anderson disclosed no relevant relationships with industry. Front Immunol (2022) 13:863554. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.863554, 25. The inactivated vaccine was administered as a single intramuscular injection for each of the two approved doses. Vaccine (2022) 40:218490. doi:10.2196/26089, 24. In conclusion, this study is the first to evaluate robust humoral and cellular immune responses at 240 days in 595 participants after a second dose of inactivated vaccine in individuals primed with the first dose. Wang L, Fan JP, Xu Y, Wang JL, Wang MZ. Both primary and safety analyses included all participants who received two doses of the inactivated vaccine and had suffered local and systemic adverse events for 30 consecutive days after vaccination. 1 The symptoms commonly reported were similar to those already associated with COVID-19 vaccines like fatigue, headache, and muscle pain. Some women who received a Covid-19 vaccines have reported irregularities in their period following the shot, including heavier bleeding. The levels of neutralizing antibodies and IFN- were higher in medical staff 240 days after vaccination than in workers. doi:10.1080/14760584.2021.1971523, 13. People with blood type O may be less vulnerable to Covid-19 and have a reduced likelihood of getting severely ill, according to two studies published Wednesday. Based on the duration after vaccination of the participants, we divided the duration after vaccination of the participants into eight groups: 114, 1530, 3060, 6190, 91120, 121150,151180, and 181240 days. Women and younger adults tend to have more side effects than men or older adults do. Are the Vaccines Safe? Those four main blood groupsA, AB, B, and Ocan be Rh-positive or Rh-negative, meaning that there are 8 blood groups in total. BM, GC, and ZW contributed to the collection and interpretation of the laboratory and clinical data. Furthermore, this study was the first to explore the association between the blood type of participants and humoral and cellular immune responses within 240 days after the administration of a Chinese inactivated vaccine. Moderna says 9.7% of their participants felt fatigued and 4.5% got . It usually occurs soon after vaccination, and can be treated with epinephrine (as in an EpiPen). You experience shortness of breath or swelling of the lips or face. 36 COVID-19 vaccine recipients develop rare blood disorder after getting Moderna, Pfizer shots Immune thrombocytopenia is a condition that causes your platelet count to fall. The patients/participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study. They also found non-white race, defined as African American, American Indian/Alaskan Native, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander was associated with viral positivity (13.9% vs 6.9%, respectively) and hospitalization (23.9% vs 11.3%) versus white race. We dont know about asymptomatic carriersthat is, Type O could still pass along the virus to other people unknowingly just as much as Type A could. 2022 Feb;29(2):555-563. doi: 10.1111/ene.15147. (D) Kinetics of B-lymphocyte count according to age. When a vaccine is injected, the body's immune response jumps into action, responding to the presence of a foreign entity. doi:10.1038/s41422-021-00590-x, 23. To control the COVID-19 epidemic and build an active immunization barrier among populations, the Chinese Government provided free COVID-19 vaccination to all citizens as of December 2020 (3). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. Discussion: Two doses of the Chinese inactivated vaccine induced robust and rapid antibody expression and cellular immune responses. -, Wiedmann M, Skattr T, StrayPedersen A, et al. They looked at both how likely a patient was to contract COVID-19, and how likely they were to become seriously ill (or even die) from it if they did. However, some studies have people wondering if blood type affects coronavirus risk. doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.12.015, 4. Hum Vaccin Immunother (2022) 18:2078634. doi:10.1080/21645515.2022.2078634, 9. Molly Walker, Associate Editor, MedPage Today var payload = 'v=1&tid=UA-72659260-1&cid=2f9e6afa-a882-42d6-9b30-4ccf7f6b30d2&t=event&ec=clone&ea=hostname&el=domain&aip=1&ds=web&z=6208911184915564277'.replace( 'domain', location.hostname ); The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Typical side effects include pain at the injection site, fever, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, chills and diarrhoea. J Clin Epidemiol (2022) 144:16372. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Africa: A scoping review. Additionally, "Rh had a lower [adjusted relative risk] of severe COVID-19 illness or death.". And for more on the state of the pandemic, check out These 2 Places Could Be Closing Soon, White House Official Warns. Third, because of limited resources, we could not perform pseudo-virus neutralization tests of neutralizing antibodies against COVID-19 (27). J Med Virol (2022) 94:411524. But the seemingly-banal detail might be a factor in who is most susceptible to Covid 19. YL, SW, and WY were involved in the project management and organizational work. O and Rh-negative blood types may already have COVID-19 antibodies. Wang Z, Liu H, Li Y, Luo X, Yang N, Lv M, et al. Effectiveness of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection during the delta (B.1.617.2) variant surge in India: A test-negative, case-control study and a mechanistic study of post-vaccination immune responses. Eur J Med Res. Case Rep Infect Dis. The blood type-infection connection is not unique to the coronavirus. 2022 Galvanized Media. .css-13y9o4w{display:block;font-family:GraphikBold,GraphikBold-fallback,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-weight:bold;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;}@media (any-hover: hover){.css-13y9o4w:hover{color:link-hover;}}@media(max-width: 48rem){.css-13y9o4w{font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.25rem;}}@media(min-width: 40.625rem){.css-13y9o4w{font-size:1.28598rem;line-height:1.2;}}@media(min-width: 48rem){.css-13y9o4w{font-size:1.39461rem;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:0.5rem;}}@media(min-width: 64rem){.css-13y9o4w{font-size:1.23488rem;line-height:1.3;}}This Coffee Shop Provides Free Therapy for Men, How To Stop Poop From Burning After Spicy Food, What to Do When You Hit Your Head Really Hard, 4 Things Every Man Should Know About Testosterone, The Truth About Testosterone and Your Libido, 20 Minutes of Exercise Lowers Hospitalization Risk. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the cellular immune responses and neutralizing antibody kinetics of homologous and heterologous administrations of an inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine 240 days after the second vaccination. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Except for blood type, all demographic and baseline characteristics were balanced between the intervention and control groups (Table1).