Do you think we will someday be able to prevent earthquakes? Before going to the classroom, you will need to: Provide each student, with the following: Earthquakes occur every day all over the United States and all over the world. xb``d``Id`a`Ab@_ :iWGi>|q` How do we determine the epicenter of an earthquake? The seismometers are shown as green dots. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior. 61 0 obj <> endobj xref 0000001777 00000 n Step 1: ans- d) 65 seconds Ste . waves from a distant earthquake. PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Using this resource students find the arrival times of P-waves and S-waves using a seismogram. Pwaves have the greatest velocity and reach theseismic station first. aqmd. What data is used to determine magnitude? Last updated November 26, 2013. Next, have student groups answer the eight questions in the. !D,X2:azTG)kPT~Mj 4>d w@O'. A seismograph is securely mounted onto the surface of the earth so that when the earth shakes, the entire unit shakes with it EXCEPT for the mass on the spring, which has inertia and remains in the same place. Today, most seismologists no longer follow Richter's original methodology because it does not give reliable results when applied to stronger earthquakes and it was not designed to use data from earthquakes recorded at epicentral distances greater than ~600 km. inch = 500 km. Empirical evidence is required to differentiate between cause and correlation and make claims about specific causes and effects. The hypocenter is the point within the earth where an earthquake rupture starts. Objective Use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of earthquakes. travel 3,000 miles. Earthquakes & Volcanoes Test Review Answers. P and Swaves are body waves and travel, through the interior of the earth. S waves. Refer to the data table and use the difference in arrival times to determine the distance to the earthquake epicenter for Station 2. Finding the Epicenter Determine the epicenter distance from three different seismographs. The uses of technologies and any limitations on their use are driven by individual or societal needs, desires, and values; by the findings of scientific research; and by differences in such factors as climate, natural resources, and economic conditions. HS]o01j6R0iMm4U=wL8]BE< Please answer the following questions using the earthquake video shake, shake, shake. miles from the epicenter of an : an American History (Eric Foner), Principles of Environmental Science (William P. Cunningham; Mary Ann Cunningham), Forecasting, Time Series, and Regression (Richard T. O'Connell; Anne B. Koehler), Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), Biological Science (Freeman Scott; Quillin Kim; Allison Lizabeth), Campbell Biology (Jane B. Reece; Lisa A. Urry; Michael L. Cain; Steven A. Wasserman; Peter V. Minorsky), How many minutes elapsed between the arrival of the first P wave and. 3. Locating an Epicenter through Triangulation of Seismic Data- Remote/Hybrid/Live. ACTIVITY 4.2B Locating an Earthquake Figure 4.5 shows seismograms for the same earthquake recorded at three locations - New York, Nome, Alaska, and Mexico City. Practicing this technique, the students work several problems on a map of the US. Reading Strategy. How can you locate an earthquake's epicenter? Earthquakes Living Lab: Finding Epicenters & Measuring Magnitudes. 0000001143 00000 n 4. fault - a fracture in Earth's crust where the rocks on either side have moved. How does distance from the epicenter affect the S-P time interval? The, amount of time that passes between the Pwave arrival and the Swave arrival is. 01. Show students some of the numerous online animations comparing the movements of P and S waves. Use mathematical representations of phenomena or design solutions to describe and/or support claims and/or explanations. As you may know, people have look numerous times for . Continue the discussion with the following questions (or assign these questions as homework): Have student groups explore one or more of the other two regions (Southern California and Japan) provided in the Virtual Earthquake simulation. epicenter of an earthquake, how Specifically, seismographs make recordings (seismograms) of the seismic waves generated from earthquakes, providing engineers and other researchers with data that they use to make predictions about future earthquakes. Earthquakes can also cause tsunamis, which are very large waves that can damage coastlines and put coastal residents in danger. To accurately locate an earthquake epicenter, records from three. endstream endobj startxref to the lag time measured at this location? During an earthquake, seismic waves are sent all over the globe. 0000004769 00000 n minute apart, represent the passage of time HTAn lag time. Then locate and click the link in the center of the page under the question: "How is an earthquake epicenter located and how is magnitude determined"? 92 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[83 25]/Info 82 0 R/Length 62/Prev 466624/Root 84 0 R/Size 108/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream Students first triangulate the location of an earthquake's epicenter, then calculate its magnitude. $8.25. The point beneath Earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake. For lower grades, just introduce the concepts of triangulation and the magnitude scale; a thorough understanding of P and S waves is not vital. First, determine the P-wave arrival, and read down to the bottom of the seismogram to note at what time (usually marked in seconds) that the P-wave arrived. How might they use this information? As the drum rotated, the directly above it on the surface of the earth is called the epicenter. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). 9 - Using historical seismographs, engineers forecast the strength or magnitude of earthquakes and make predictions and determine building codes and safety protocols. The period of a wave is the time between two adjacent wave peaks. (Grades Introduction: Before student pairs look at the Earthquakes Living Lab, direct them to complete the Engage section of the Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, which asks them to apply any prior knowledge and/or speculate as to what the Richter magnitude scale is and what an epicenter is. m>r/Q[6 First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. 1) Identify the general term for waves released from an earthquake. Students learn about factors that engineers take into consideration when designing buildings for earthquake-prone regions. seismogram. 0000078169 00000 n 0000033429 00000 n [k0 |`2dGXGGGd00A(60P-e = F5n -f$ C The western U.S. has more faults than the eastern U.S., and therefore the western U.S. has more earthquakes. d>(ZvO= pen recorded the arrival of P, S, and surface epicenter: A point on the Earth's surface that is directly above the place where the underground forces of an earthquake originate. In this activity, students use an online simulationVirtual Earthquakethat is accessible through the Earthquakes Living Lab interface, to locate the epicenter of an earthquake by making simple measurement on three seismograms, recordings of an earthquake's seismic waves detected by instruments (seismographs) far away from the earthquake. How does the Mad Scientist. located 1,000 miles from the Read through the sections What Is Seismology and What Are Seismic Waves?, Where Do Earthquakes Happen?, and Why Do Earthquakes Happen? to answer the following questions: What is the difference between S and P waves? by. Therefore, the lag 0000001562 00000 n 6. The USGS Earthquake Hazards Program is part of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NEHRP), established by Congress in 1977, and the USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) was established by Congress as a NEHRP facility. The living lab presents earthquake information through a focus on four active seismic areas and historic earthquakes in those areas. 12), Evaluate ways that technology can impact individuals, society, and the environment. An earthquake is the violent movement of tectonic plates in the Earth's crust. 100 km 4.1 km/s 24.4 s; Finding the epicenter (continued) data table analyze and conclude answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper. Activity4:LocatinganEarthquakeEpicenter Objectives:Ifyoucompletealltheproblems,youshouldbeableto: Identif 0000001978 00000 n We additionally manage to pay for . Have students turn in their answers for the Explain portion of the worksheet. It is called triangulation because a triangle has three sides, and it takes three seismographs to locate an earthquake. While earthquake locations are normally done with a computer that can quickly determine the paths of seismic waves through the Earth to many seismic stations, 15 Introduction to Geology Chapter Worksheet . These natural disasters may be mitigated, however, by insightful and creative engineering. One seismogram indicates the distance to the epicenter. The simulation renders three circles on a map and directs students to find the epicenter. What was the lag time (in minutes) at this location? If a quake is far from the seismograph, the P-waves arrive long before the S-waves. 0000004224 00000 n 4. Review their answers to assess their base knowledge of the subject matter. 1. If you draw a circle on a map around three different seismographs where the radius of each is the distance from that station to the earthquake, the intersection of those three circles is the epicenter. Accessed December 11, 2013. http://www.sciencecourseware.com/virtualearthquake/, USGS Earthquake Magnitude Policy (implemented on January 18, 2002). 0000005081 00000 n Details. moment magnitude scale: Similar to the Richter scale, but replacing its use starting in the 1970s for more accuracy in measuring big earthquakes (magnitudes > 3.5) from greater distances. minutes = 6 minutes. After reading about earthquakes, open a new window to an Earthquake Simulator at, Follow the simulation instructions. BDF endstream endobj 74 0 obj <>stream Share with Classes. Students learn how engineers build shake tables that simulate the ground motions of the Earth caused by seismic waves in order to test the seismic performance of buildings. distance = travel time for S waves (Grades 9 - 12). minutes? Collect any giveaways for the students, such as earthquake posters or plate tectonic fliers. www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/csm_findingepicenters_activity1, Search curriculum by Common Core standards, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/earthquakes/, Click to view other curriculum aligned to this Performance Expectation, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Worksheet, Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes (pdf), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (docx), Finding Epicenters and Measuring Magnitudes Example Answers (pdf), Earthquakes Living Lab: FAQs about P Waves, S Waves and More, Seismic Waves: How Earthquakes Move Through the Earth, Earthquakes Living Lab: Designing for Disaster, http://www.teachengineering.org/livinglabs/index.php, https://www.newpathonline.com/api_player/enus_54_6304/LXX/index.html. Expert Answer. Of the four Earthquakes Living Lab seismic areas, choose the "Chile" box, as shown in Figure 3. 12), Analyze and interpret data about natural hazards using direct and indirect evidence (Grades 6 - 8). 9 - (Source: USGS, Wikipedia). The real-world earthquake data is viewable via a graphical interface using a scaling map. ya{I;W@DgMN2:UtbT=*+cY1.8Vm(u3Zt"J @9TAjJH@H_F3n7\Srdw~gAR#JQGj`ueS! Earthquake Location 2 Using the skills that you acquired in the picking P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake using real seismic records. and S waves to travel any distance up to 0000003855 00000 n It takes S waves 14. Ask students what fault they think caused this earthquake. The Richter scale was created in the 1930s to assign a single number to quantify the energy released during earthquakes. Mark the first arrival of the swave on each seismogram. approximate period of the surface waves in seconds? Use this information to complete the following. For example, the western United States has earthquakes more frequently and on a larger scale than the eastern part of the country. P and S arrivals, you can now locate an earthquake your answers below. Learn more How Can I Locate the Earthquake Epicenter? In a concluding class discussion, have groups share their ideas about engineering and one new thing they learned about earthquakes. 87 0 obj <> endobj xref 87 28 0000000016 00000 n Quick Tips. If you complete all the problems, you should be able to: Identify P, S, and surface waves on a simple seismogram. Construct an oral and written argument supported by empirical evidence and scientific reasoning to support or refute an explanation or a model for a phenomenon or a solution to a problem. A circle with a radius of the distance to the quake can be drawn. Last modified July 18, 2012. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. surface wave? Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. triangulation: A method to determine exactly where an earthquake originates. 107 0 obj <>stream When the tension becomes too great, the fault slips, causing an earthquake. Every earthquake is recorded on numerous seismographs located in different directions. Seismic Waves. Run through the investigation yourself and record the data, just to see how long it takes. 1. A minimum of three seismic stations is necessary to locate an epicenter. Considered best for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less). To complete the activity, some prior . 1. 0000001604 00000 n 13. What about P waves? 0000106240 00000 n earthquake lab lab: locating the epicenters of earthquakes objective measurable learning outcomes use data from seismograms to locate the epicenters of Skip to document Ask an Expert Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library Discovery Institutions Western Governors University Southern New Hampshire University E}g7$i(=K)"aj%v]vPcYloi@X3noGX{[XucOgkdF.>Ym^fwrQf;8_Nok3w\;?n_Hhc?>k\o[%DgwJ'3d.lTqDy_aJw! earthquake - shaking and vibration of Earth's surface. 2. 0000004060 00000 n Then from the same recordings they determine the earthquake's magnitude, an estimate of the amount of energy released during the earthquake. Add to Library. Notify the classroom teacher of technology needs (overhead projector). seismograph: An instrument that measures motions of the ground, including those of seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Activity 4: Locating an Earthquake Epicenter Examining Seismograms The three basic types of seismic wave generated by an earthquake at its focus are Pwaves, Swaves, and Surface waves. The spot where those three circles intersect is the epicenter (Figure 13.12). Thus, the Richter scale is used for measuring small earthquakes (3.5 M or less), while the moment magnitude scale is used for measuring stronger earthquakes (3.5 M or higher). Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Applications (Gay L. R.; Mills Geoffrey E.; Airasian Peter W.), Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (Janice L. Hinkle; Kerry H. Cheever), Psychology (David G. Myers; C. Nathan DeWall), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Business Law: Text and Cases (Kenneth W. Clarkson; Roger LeRoy Miller; Frank B. The USGS now uses the MMS to estimate magnitudes for all modern large earthquakes. EARTHQUAKES: Epicenter Determination and Seismic Waves First locate and mark the three seismic stations on the world map provided below. By looking at the time between the arrivals of the P- and S-waves, one can determine the distance to the earthquake from that station, with longer time intervals indicating longer distance. determine the epicenter using the S P (S minus P) method. Using the real-world data in the living lab enables students and teachers to practice analyzing data to solve problems and answer questions, in much the same way that scientists and engineers do every day. Identify P, S, and surface waves on seismograms, Measure amplitude and lag time on seismograms, Use triangulation to accurately locate the epicenter of an earthquake, Accurately report the latitude and longitude of the epicenter, Sea Floor Lab Help with Problem 2 - Tagged, Metamorphic Rocks Lab Instructions - Tagged, Lab exam 2 - Study guide for the second exam regarding all the labs and material covered, Redaccion de textos II Marco n membrete es aquello que se ubica en el sector superior de una pgina, mencionando el ttulo o el nombre de un individuo, una empresa, etc. Lab Exercise #2: Locating the Epicenter of an Earthquake In this lab exercise, you will locate the epicenter of an earthquake. /g$=#!$EbBbhD!,x so^6Uc})\uJs=fyY}j'|YjTm8B_[}*Ovm\[J'.mu?lQg,wzJM^X&P w>-T%*h%J4 yB@VPmP]@D------------,2dfY$"A!ANAASi)4$dniiiinH% Gxt5DJ) )9RRr$II'y ??O's^3@[{*{VT?nsNS!ilq]mFO?? Edit your locating an earthquake epicenter worksheet answers online. Sharing Information/Thinking Ahead: In the Evaluate section of the worksheet, student pairs are asked to compose answers to two questionswhether they think seismology is a reliable science and ways seismic data is useful for engineers. use slide 6 and answer key slide 7 how can i locate the earthquake epicenter michigan web the epicenter of the earthquake is somewhere on the edge of that circle do the The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. Use mathematical representations to support a claim regarding relationships among the frequency, wavelength, and speed of waves traveling in various media. (Grades Ch Person/Attorney Filing: - Superior Court - Maricopa County - superiorcourt maricopa. 0000002009 00000 n Fill Locating The Epicenter Of An Earthquake Worksheet Answers, Edit online. 0000002094 00000 n Copyright USGS http://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/kids/eqscience.php. In Figure 13.9, there is an example seismogram from a station that includes a minor earthquake. The distance to the earthquake epicenter is then determined using the "Earthquake P-Wave and S-Wave Travel Time" graph. Choose an answer and hit 'next'. 0000002658 00000 n velocity, amplitude, and frequency of the Thanks for your feedback! To do this, have the students use, Find the epicenter of the earthquake on the map (. CH 02 HW - Chapter 2 physics homework for Mastering, Leadership class , week 3 executive summary, I am doing my essay on the Ted Talk titaled How One Photo Captured a Humanitie Crisis https, School-Plan - School Plan of San Juan Integrated School, SEC-502-RS-Dispositions Self-Assessment Survey T3 (1), Techniques DE Separation ET Analyse EN Biochimi 1, Use a travel-time graph to convert lag time into distance. The process is called triangulation. 15 Bill Nye - Earthquakes Worksheet Key Earthquakes occur when the big pieces of earth's crust, called plates, move a little. You will analyze the records and locate the earthquake using a method known 5. focus - the point within Earth where an earthquake originates. HS-PS4-1. 0000010002 00000 n Students also investigate which structural designs are most likely to survive an earthquake.