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silipip. language, thought and experience influenced one another. The Arena Media Brands, LLC and respective content providers to this website may receive compensation for some links to products and services on this website. Some people send emails today that there are only. As it turns out, the snowy supposition has been the topic of hot debate by linguists for years. Inuit form of Philip. Anthropologist Franz Boas didn't mean to spark a century-long argument. Aboriginals in Canadian Northern Provinces and Territories. Have a nice day! 10. Voted up and awesome. This was the first vinyl release on 6131 Records. By SARAH ROGERS. Inuit people even name their children after parents, grandparents, ancestors, or anyone they respect. Means "the people who make netted shoes" to some, and. Uggianaqtuq . Would you like to help support our organization's work with endangered American Indian languages? Already found are at last 44 in the early 2010s. Black Kinnitak. If you live in a harsh environment, it makes sense that language would follow the lead. It is often said that the Inuit have dozens of words to refer to snow and ice. 18 of the Most Dangerous Volcanoes in the U.S. 3. A last example: a lexicon of sea ice terminology in Nunavik (Appendix A of the collective work Siku: Knowing Our Ice, 2010) includes no fewer than 93 different words. Inupiat and Inupiaq (Alaska), Yupik/Yup'ik (Alaska and Siberia). We cannot write down every detail about a language, because we will never get it all. pukak crystalline snow on the ground Recently Boas theory has been gaining traction from linguists taking a closer look at the snow conundrum. Many Inuit no longer refer to it as their name due to a lack of a proper name. It seems that the title character has escaped the books to send emails and newscasts of misinformation, as in: Every winter, we hear falsehoods about the Inuit language and its perceptions of ice and snow. We have no such thing as an Eskimo on Earth. Let it snow, let it snow, let it snow! Wonderful hub Patty, as always, Up and Awesome. 10 words for ice and snow from Labradoran Inuit 1.'ice' sikko 2.'bare ice' tingenek 3.'snow (in general)' aput 4.'snow (like salt)' pukak 5.'soft deep snow' mauja 6.'snowdrift' tipvigut 7.'soft snow' massak 8.'watery snow' mangokpok 9.'snow filled with water' massalerauvok 10.'soft snow' akkilokipok 49 words for snow and ice from West Greenlandic They are polysynthetic, creating meaning by adding many different parts onto a stem. Bite off pieces with your teeth Mikiak. Laura is a Marketing Executive at Readable. And for another, the structure of the Eskimo-Aleut languages is more . In the mid-1980s, additional words for "snow" appeared in author Steven A. Jacobson's Yup'ik Eskimo Dictionary (1984). So actually, Yupik and Inuit are . Rate the pronunciation difficulty of Inuit. /* 728x15 link ad */ "Bad science reporting again: the Eskimos are back", "On "Eskimo Words for Snow": The life cycle of a linguistic misconception", "There really are 50 Eskimo words for 'snow'. Thundersnow Thundersnow occurs when a snowstorm generates lightning and thunder. What an amazing people the Inuit are, so creative and resilient in their survival. They are not Orson Welles who played a joke on the public with War of the Worlds. good-bye - piura The first meaning referred to biblical love, such as "love thy neighbor" (Briggs 4). Cynthia Calhoun from Western NC on January 19, 2014: Loved this. [2][3] The original claim is based in the work of anthropologist Franz Boas and was particularly promoted by his contemporary, Benjamin Lee Whorf, whose name is connected with the hypothesis.[4][5]. The female cub was named Nanuq, the Inuit word for polar bear . Patty Inglish MS (author) from USA and Asgardia, the First Space Nation on November 26, 2010: Thank you, Gal! Voted and rated. A few of the types are designated with simple words that only apply to these types. Sasha means the "helper of mankind" A perfect fit for the Siberian husky breed. What you'll find, until someone receives a grant to live among the Circumpolar Peoples around the top of earth for 10 years and record each word for snow, is that the Inuit-related peoples may have probably 60 different words for the delicate winter precipitation, but probably not 400 unique words. Similarly, the Sami people, who live in the northern tips of Scandinavia and Russia, use at least 180 words related to snow and ice, according to Ole Henrik Magga, a linguist in Norway. ALASKAN DOG NAMES Suggestions from four different Alaska native languages. "This fictional name was featured in the movie ""The Journey Home"".". Balto The famous sled dog who led the Serum Run Crystal Elsa Kaia Luna Midnight Moon Shadow Sierra Sky Skylar Snow Togo One of Balto's predecessors Winter Similarly, words that refer to ice are not limited to the ten basic forms mentioned in Schneider's dictionary. Akiak: The Inuit word for "brave". Here are just some Eskimo-Aleut snow lexemes: Hopefully, you're feeling inspired by this descriptive variety. OMalmalamutes is a participant in various affiliate programs designed Not particularly Alaskan.but fun. All Rights Reserved. sulitlana green snow. Alaskan definition at Dictionary.com, a free online dictionary with pronunciation, synonyms and translation. This idea is also reflected in the concept behind general semantics. Includes a tongue-in-cheek list of about 100 fictional words for snow, and some correspondence with Steven Pinker, author of The Language Instinct. They are the historically nomadic people of the Arctic, some 150,000 people living in . Furthermore, Whorf's piece seems to make up several Inuit words. This is a far cry from the 52 terms or more mentioned by some. May 9, 2022 11:04 PM EDT Your Husky is affectionate, friendly with dogs and people, intelligent, and athletic. It all started in the late 19th century when anthropologist and linguist Franz Boas spent time in the icy wilds of Baffin Island in northern Canada studying the local Inuit communities. But what sets Inuit people apart is the fact that they name their children after body parts. Melissa Breyer is Treehuggers editorial director. Tulimak is a form of Tulimaq. Indian mounds Alabama You can highlight the terms by the frequency with which they occur in the written English language using the menu below. ghup'kik. Whether you're after the Inuit name for "bear", Inuit word for "moon", or more common Inuit names, we've got you covered with 91 gender-neutral Inuit names. Whether its a meme about language and culture or a critically acclaimed album by Kate Bush, its a widespread concept. An igloo (Inuit language: iglu, Inuktitut syllabics: "house", plural: iglooit or igluit, but in English commonly igloos), translated sometimes as snowhouse, is the Inuit word for house or homes, and is not restricted exclusively to snowhouses . As Sturm notes, the Inuit knowledge of different kinds of snow and ice formations, and how they are created, is formidable. Twinkle - Like the stars reflected in the snow at night. I find the Inuit fascinating, I like K9, have heard that the history and language is passed down from generation to generation by storytelling. The fact is that the myth of the multiple words for snow is based on almost nothing at all. Inuit form of the name Elizabeth. For your sweet little girl. That's about the same number that can be found in English ( snow, sleet, flurry, blizzard, slush, powder, etc.). It is even harder to decide what counts as a separate word in Inuit languages. If you believe . He and his son have a living history installation in western Ohio now. Priyakli: snow that looks like it's falling upward. And thanks for the new comments, everyone! Each different group of Inuit have their own language. Franz Boas did not make quantitative claims[6] but rather pointed out that the EskimoAleut languages have about the same number of distinct word roots referring to snow as English does, but the structure of these languages tends to allow more variety as to how those roots can be modified in forming a single word. However, the latest studies show that Boas was, actually, correct. Linguists believe that "Eskimo" is derived from a Montagnais (Innu) word ayaskimew meaning "netter of snowshoes." The people of Canada and Greenland have long preferred other names. Having used Readable for every piece of written content she has written for the site, she is well-versed in optimising content for readability. In the late 2000s, NASA satellites recently discovered the Northwest Passage, opened by melted ice in northern Canada. Snow is a beautifully complicated phenomena. in Spanish or Italian; r is similar to English r; ; is similar to French qinu slushy ice by the sea The Washington Post notes that Central Siberian Yupik has 40 terms for snow, while the Inuit dialect spoken in Canada's Nunavik region has at least 53. Sharon Nitem (share an item), Eustice L. Emmons, Annie Daynow, Marge Innaverra, Lois Steam, matsaaruti: snow wet enough to ice the runners of a sleigh. At his time there would have been many more terms than there are today. Want to know how we can help you make your writing more engaging? If you're looking for names related to inuit (e.g. Black beetle Minnguk. I'll be looking up those books by Sue Harrison. Inuktitut, also known as Inuit or Eskimo, is a Eskimo Aleut language, related to other languages like Yup'ik and Unangan . google_ad_slot = "7815442998"; Ujurak is a variant of Ujarak. Here we find one word, aput, expressing SNOW ON THE GROUND; another one, qana, FALLING SNOW; a third one, piqsirpoq, DRIFTING SNOW; and a fourth one, qimuqsuq, A SNOWDRIFT.[14]. All rights reserved. And that the word inuit actually means people in Inuktitut? How about edgier Inuit baby names for your little warrior? window) - iluq, feathery clumps of falling snow - qanipalaat, dirty lump of glacier-calved ice = anarluk, ice-foot left adhering to shore - qaannuq, rotten ice with streams forming - aakkarniq, wet snow on top of ice - putsinniq/puvvinniq, lump of old ice frozen into new ice - tuaq, new ice formed in crack in old ice - nutarniq, small ice floe (not large enough to stand on) - masaaraq, ice swelling over partially frozen riverm water seeping through - siirsinniq, piled-up ice-floes frozen together - tiggunnirit, mountain peak sticking up through inland ice - nunataq, calved ice from end of glacier - uukkarnit, Pinga- Goddess of the hunt, fertility and medicine. Slang terms and mispronunciations produce new words, new dialects, and even new languages as time passes. It apparently started in 1911 when anthropologist Franz Boaz casually mentioned that the Inuit - he called them "Eskimos," using the derogatory term of a tribe to the south of them for eaters of raw meat - had four different words for snow. Does the Linguistic Theory at the Center of the Film Arrival Have Any Merit? [21] The Alaskan and Siberian Yupik people (among others) however, are not Inuit, nor are their languages Inuit or Inupiaq, but all are classifiable as Eskimos, lending further ambiguity to the "Eskimo Words for Snow" debate. The essential morphological question is why a language would say, for example, "lake", "river", and "brook" instead of something like "waterplace", "waterfast", and "waterslow". Pueblo Indian houses Very difficult. The strongest interpretation of this hypothesis, which posits that a language's vocabulary (among other features) shapes or defines its speakers' view of the world, has been largely discredited,[1] though a 2010 study supports the core notion that these languages have many more words for "snow" than the English language. If schoolchildren and high school students are being asked to name 60 words for snow, then I am horrified. Other specialists in the matter of Eskimoan languages and Eskimoan knowledge of snow and especially sea ice argue against this notion and defend Boas's original fieldwork amongst the Inuit of Baffin Island. Choose an Inuit name for your male or female dog using the list below or use these Inuit names as inspiration for a different dog name. As I was reading, your hub made me think of Sue Harrison's books. Inuit Words for Snow by David Mendosa. But why such snowy exuberance? One can create a practically unlimited number of new words in the Eskimoan languages on any topic, not just snow, and these same concepts can be expressed in other languages using combinations of words. The first re-evaluation of the claim was by linguist Laura Martin in 1986, who traced the history of the claim and argued that its prevalence had diverted attention from serious research into linguistic relativity. "One develops a deeper understanding and appreciation for one of the biggest differences amongst Inuit just by listening to all the dialectal variations from Greenland, Sanikiluaq, Grise Fiord, Kangiqsuk, Arviat, Kugluktuk to Barrow, Alaska." Boas "utilized" this part also in his book, Some of them are borrowed from other languages, like. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. There really are 50 Eskimo words for 'snow'. We have included twenty basic Inuktitut words here, to compare with related American Indian languages. 71 Inuit Baby Names With Meanings Just like every other culture and religion, naming is extremely important for the Inuit people. a body of snow in the shape of an object. Briggs provides this example of a primary source because it shows how the Inuit culture is different from ours. charkamman from portugal on November 25, 2010: That was a fun read Patty! People try to avoid all the dwarf names that include hard to spell words. In his book Ulirnaisugutiit: An Inuktitut-English Dictionary of Northern Quebec, Labrador and Eastern Arctic Dialects (Laval University, 1985, []), the linguist and missionary Lucien Schneider lists many words referring to snow. But instead of counting the words for snow used by Inuit, Yupik and . - neenjit donch'ya? , That's about all the inuit related words we've got! and I'll be happy to add Perhaps the Eskimo words for snow will eventually meet a similar fate. A subsequent influential and humorous, and polemical, essay by Geoff Pullum repeated Martin's critique, calling the process by which the so-called "myth" was created the "Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax". Just like every other culture and religion, naming is extremely important for the Inuit people. The claim that Eskimo words for snow (specifically Yupik and Inuit words) are unusually numerous, particularly in contrast to English, is often used to support the controversial linguistic-relativity hypothesis or "Whorfianism". Signing up enhances your TCE experience with the ability to save items to your personal reading list, and access the interactive map. Yankee Doodle, Of Thee I sing, Freedom rings, Home'O the Brave,Land'O the Free, All American hero, Rocket Launcher, Rocket red glare, Uncommon Valor, Victory awaits, Of Thee I sing, Freedom, Freedom song, Independence day, Line of Duty, Pilgrim's Pride,Hi Flying flag, Liberty Bell, American Icon, American Idol, Lady Liberty, A M Erica, Klink, Hogan, Schultz, Newkirk, Carter, LeBeau, Hilda, Anakin, Gui-gon, Yoda, Darth, Padme, Amidala, Hans Solo, Obi-wan, Leia, Luke, Horton, Bartholomew, Mayzie, Yertle, Thidwick, Grinch, Cindy Lou, Lorax, Sam, Sneetch. Instead, the term eskimo was used as a derogatory term to describe Inuit people by non-native colonizers. Whether youre new to learning about native Alaskan names or youre looking for Inuktitut names to honor your Inuit heritage, weve put together a mega-list of 201 Inuit baby names and meanings for you to peruse. [17] However, the linguist G. Pullum shows that Inuit and other related dialects do not possess an extraordinarily large number of terms for snow. . Look it up now! "This fictional name was featured in the movie ""The Journey Home"".". Thanks for using the site - I hope it is useful to you! )[9], Studies of the Sami languages of Norway, Sweden and Finland, conclude that the languages have anywhere from 180 snow- and ice-related words and as many as 300 different words for types of snow, tracks in snow, and conditions of the use of snow.[10][11][12]. from Michigan on February 03, 2011: Well, I guess your title 'An Inconsiderate Truth' works best. False news articles attempt to discredit scientific and historical evidence, including articles that insist that the truth is an urban legend. Simultaneous. Aklaq: The Inuit name for "bear". The problems with the word "Eskimo" is that it. When a name has hard to understand and memorize words, it becomes quite impossible for the audience to understand it. You can get the definition (s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. An Eskimo family in Noatak, Alaska, circa 1929. Inuit are the descendants of what anthropologists call the Thule people, who emerged from western Alaska around 1000 CE. In his dictionary of the Inuktitut dialect of Nunavik (Arctic Qubec), the linguist and missionary Lucien Schneider (Ulirnaisugutiit: An Inuktitut-English Dictionary of Northern Quebec, Labrador and Eastern Arctic Dialects, 1985) cites a dozen basic words (those that are not derived from another word) referring to snow, and about ten words referring to ice. Bit in an Inuit drill; bow drill and by extrention all drill bits. Answer (1 of 2): What is the Inuit word for a house? Researchers at UC Berkeley and Carnegie Mellon University have taken a fresh look at words for snow, taking on an urban legend referred to by some as "the great Eskimo vocabulary hoax.". It means lover of horses. Ramman - An alternative form of the name Adad, the god of thunder. "Eskimo snow" redirects here. Tulimak is a form of Tulimaq. Try Readable for 7 days entirely free, or cancel any time if you don't love it. Win Ersbich (winnersbitch), Stars N Stripes, Star Spangled, Bertha D Nation, The Patriot, Old Glory, Dawn Early Light, Let Freedom Ring, thank you - dogedinh The words down here at the bottom of the list will be in some way associated with inuit, but perhaps tenuously (if you've currenly got it sorted by relevance, that is). Plummers Plain, Download or read book Inuit Outside the Arctic written by Tekke Klaas Terpstra and published by Barkhuis. how are you? In. It is not enough that we have a lack of correct education in some of our schools. "Taking the same care with their own work," New Scientist reports, "Krupnik and others charted the vocabulary of about 10 Inuit and Yupik dialects and concluded that they indeed have many more words for snow than English does.". Pullum argued that the fact that the number of word roots for snow is about equally large in Eskimoan languages and English indicates that there exists no difference in the size of their respective vocabularies to define snow. Copyright 2011 - 2023 MomJunction Private Limited. Writers and poets make up additional words as well.. Once we discard the word "Eskimo", which is either a Canadian Ojibway/Cree derogatory word, we find that the Inuit Nation has lived and continues to live around the top of the globe in the Arctic and Subarctic regions, as roughly depicted on the map below.. The reason this language family has so many words for snow is that of polysynthesis. NUNAM - The Earth goddess of the Inuit pantheon, in some traditions considered the wife of the god Sila. In fact, the breeders for this dog are still few and far between. The Great Inuit Vocabulary Hoax is anthropology's contribution to urban legends. The other word for love was meant for someone that was needy or dependent (Briggs 4). Find an Inuit name that reflects its breed's heritage and personality. This is a list of lexemes referring to snow and related notions in one Eskimo language, Central Alaskan Yupik (or just Yup'ik Eskimo). The beauty of a culture so connected to its natural environment is hard to deny. The maqtaaq, the Inuit word for the inner skin and outer . Words for ice and snowfrom Labradoran Inuit ice - sikko bare ice - tingenek snow (in general) - aput snow (like salt) - pukak soft deep snow - mauja snowdrift - tipvigut watery snow - mangokpok soft snow - massak snow filled with water - massalerauvok soft snow - akkilokipok Words for snow and ice from West Greenlandic inuit If your pet/blog/etc. 25-26. As more and more indigenous people are becoming detached from traditional customs, the knowledge contained within their vocabulary is fading. Over the years, however, more and more organizations dedicated to the breed have started popping up. Kirk, Spock, McCoy, Checkov, Uhura, Sulu, Kahn, Beverly, Geordy, Data, Jean Luc,m Worf, Guinon, Wesley, Quark, Janeway, Tovak, Neelix, Kes, Chohote, Belana, Kim, Paris, Sleepy, Dopey, Grumpy, Sneezy, Doc, Happy, Bashful, Maryanne, Skipper, Gillligan, Professor, Thurston, Lillian, Chiffon, Dotted Swiss, Gauze, Georgette, Organza, http//phrontistery.50megs.com/fabric.html, Skip and Go Naked (Buffy), Budlight (I do love that commercial) (Ale), Margarita (Maggie), Snow Shoe (Bunny), Fussy Navel (Peaches), Naked Aspen (it's a real beer) (Spider - after the skier), Final Curtain, Last tango, Swansong, Exodus, Hurrah. Geoffrey Pullum published The Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax in 1991 to debunk the myth of "100 Eskimo words for snow.". This is a general term that refers to any type of soft ground (mud, wetland, quicksand) but which, in winter, can only apply to a soft snow cover where the foot sinks. Correct me if I am wrong, but I understand that much of the history and language they pass through the generations is simply by way of story telling from father to child and so on? Karasjok: Davvi Girji, 1997. Polysynthesis means that there is a base word attached to many different suffixes which change the meaning. Easy. Within these dialects, the vocabulary associated with sea ice is even richer. This idea took the world by storm, even causing the coinage of "snowclone" in response. Thanks, Support Med! Indigenous languages a body of snow in the shape of an animal. The name refers to inuksuk, an Alaskan cairn to mark pathways. A new film about homosexuality in the Inuit society shines a light on an often forgotten group of people. Thanks for contributing to The Canadian Encyclopedia. 11. Inuksuk, an Alaskan cairn to mark pathways. On the hunt for the perfect Alaskan names for your little iuk? Not really. Anthropologist John Steckley, in his book White Lies about the Inuit (2007), notes that many often cite 52 as the number of different terms in Inuktitut. What a shame we couldn't have more of it in our own families. Why you would want to destroy one anyway is anyone's guess. Ole Henrik Magga, a linguist in Norway, points out that the Northern Scandinavian Sami use more than 180 words related to snow and ice, and have as many as 1,000 words for reindeer! Lexeme: a basic language unit that consists of one word or of several words, considered as an abstract unit and applied to a family of words related by form or meaning. As linguist Arika Okrent points out, "Eskimo" is a loose term for the Inuit and Yupik peoples who live in the polar regions of Alaska, Canada, Greenland and Siberia. In the same way, the word illusaq ("what can become a house") refers to any construction material (wood, stone, brick, etc. his friend - betlanh, Thank you Mr. and Mrs. Baughn for the above. And I linked up with a soon-to-be-published hub. Moderate. Difficult. Boas was particularly interested in how the outside world influences the culture of different geographical locations. qipipup. hahatla small packages of snow given as gag gifts. Bite kek. I hope this list of inuit terms was useful to you in some way or another. hello (how are you?) Did you know that the language of the Inuit people is called Inuktitut? Inuit goddess of fertility and childbirth. Back to the Indigenous encyclopedia Name of Latin origin meaning "clear, tranquil, serene". 2:47 PM. the vowels [a, i, u] are pronounced in the same way as the same vowels Inuit form of Jessica. Which is your fave? They actually believe that they are correct. Below are some names particularly suited to Alaskan dogs. Because of this, they likely dont only have 50 words for snow - theyll have hundreds of ways to describe it. Patty Inglish MS (author) from USA and Asgardia, the First Space Nation on November 25, 2010: Yes, why do people not check, charkamman -- and sometimes these emails contain computer viruses and worms that work silently as people spread the spam across the Internet. From Inuit girl names after goddesses to common Inuit names for girls like Kaya, youre sure to find the perfect names from our list of 63 Inuit girls names: We want to name our baby Penelope but we cant decide on a nickname? For Sturm, documenting and preserving this knowledge is much more important than counting exactly how many words for snow there are. If you just care about the words' direct semantic similarity to inuit, then there's probably no need for this. Because of this, experts like Krupnik are trying to compile and provide dictionaries to local communities to help ensure their lasting heritage. English has many snow-related words,[15] but Boas's intent may have been to connect differences in culture with differences in language. A yellow jacket used for carrying pieces of meat from the house to the nest. The igloo is probably one of their most famous inventions. Browse our 37 native Alaskan boy names and meanings: Traditionally speaking, the Inuit people of Alaska, Greenland, and Canada dont view gender in the same way as we typically do in the English-speaking world. The word "Eskimo" was once commonly used to refer to the two main Indigenous groups in the Arctic: the Inuit of northern Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, and the Yupik of western Alaska, south-central Alaska, and the Russian Far East. For him the fascination isnt about finding an exact number of words, but rather, the expertise these words convey. In general and especially in this case, it is not necessarily meaningful to compare the number of words between languages that create words in different ways due to different grammatical structures. The bond it would create would be so much better for the children of today than what many of them have. For as long as the Inuit have been in Greenland, winter has been the time for visits, journeys, and hunts. Remarkable bonds are created under remarkable constraints. Part of the Added Bytes family. Source: Rristvos/Flickr. Now that MomJunction has acquainted you with a small, but important part of Inuit naming customs and conventions, lets proceed to the baby name list below. Any living language is probably changing, even if that change is small and not noticeable to most people. So for example, you could enter "eskimo" and click "filter", and it'd give you words that are related to inuit and eskimo. First some facts. It is often said that the Inuit have dozens of words to refer to snow and ice. Attention seekers often publish disinformation for attention, and perhaps a good laugh on the public. Miki - Little. It means my God is an oath. Astra is the Greek word for "Star". Tiger, Leopard, Civit, Cheetah, Lion, Panther, Puma, 1040,Form EZ,Form W-2,Charitable Giving,Standard Deduction,Label Here, Joint Return,Filing Status,Tax Exemption,Tax Exempt Interest,Capital Gain,IRA Distribution,Moving Expense,Early Withdrawal,Dual Status Alien,Alternative Minimum Tax,Tax Preparer,Earned Income Credit,If Less Than Zero,Attached Forms,Dividend Income,Penalty of Perjury, Power Surge, Surge Protector, Two Twenty Line.Hot Wire.Overhead Light.Light Switch , Transformer, Insulator, Circuit Breaker, Fuse, Fully Wired, Hot Circuit.Cross Wired (or X Wired).Spliced Wires.High Tension.Amps in his/her Pants.Sherlock Ohms, Wired for Sound, Grounded for Life, CIRCUIT Breaker., STRAY Voltage, Ground FAULT Interrupter, Neutral Lead, AC/DC, Loose Ground Wire, "Watts Up" or "Watts Up Doc" , Halogen, Flashlight, Yard Light, Security Light, Electric Eye, Star Wattage, Power Supply, Power Pak, Surge Protector, Power Grid, Voltage Meter, Electric Spark, Live Wire.