how does douglass refute this counterclaim?

[5] As Abraham Lincoln and many others have observed, the claim that the Founders regarded blacks or nonwhites as beings lacking equal natural rights is altogether false. When you're preparing an argument, make sure to note where you got your evidence. Most enslaved people did not resist so openly, and fewer still ran away as Douglass did, but all, he makes clear, struggled to retain their humanity in the face of slavery's brutality. II, pp. How might a group of people denounce a government policy? Soon after his master discovers this, and commences the teaching at once. Slavery, in their view, was simply unconstitutional; the Constitution delegated to the federal government both the right and the duty to abolish slavery immediately, everywhere in the Union.[18]. Frederick Douglass In an essay or speech that presents an argument, the author often addresses counterclaims, or arguments made by opponents. [17] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, May 11, 1857, in Life and Writings, Vol. [51] Douglass, The Blessings of Liberty and Education, September 3, 1894, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010). Note that every step of the argument is supported by credible evidence. Search where you will, there is no country on the globe where labor is so respected and the laborer so honored, as in this country.[47], This, too, was a corollary of Douglasss non-exceptionalism principle. This grand achievement taught Douglass something, as he says, From that moment, I understood the pathway from slavery to freedom. Why, or why not? Taking the policy claim from earlier, if an author is arguing that the United States should ban capital punishment, their reasons would be the reasons why they believe this is the case. In what turned out to be Douglasss most prescient argument, slaverys demise would come about in the following sequence of events. In the "Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass," Douglass has the ability to show the psychological battle between the white slave holders and their black slaves, which is shown by Douglass' own intellectual struggles against his white slave holders. How does Douglass refute this counterclaim? In the book called The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, he attempts to shine light on the American Slave system in the 1800s. It was just what I wanted, and. His first hand accounts of the cruel nature of slavery and the thought processes of the various slave owners help to substantiate his assertion. After providing the thesis in the introduction, the author then spends the entire essay working to prove that claim through sub-claims (the central claim broken down into smaller chunks), reasoning, and evidence. Cliquestrickland and jones funeral home obituaries. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? There he worked proudly as a day laborer and refined his oratorical powers, both as a lay preacher in New Bedfords African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church and as a participant in the meetings of local black abolitionists. In his successive responses to these developments, Douglass expressed not despair but rising hopefulness. The short essay, Slavery as a Mythologized Institution, explains how people in that time period justified the disgusting behavior that was demonstrated regularly. In paragraph 5, (a) What does Douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his position? From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. 'My friends that have Internet access make the Honor Roll.'. Fair play meant at minimum that the nation must reject the alternatives of (1) re-enslavement, this time of the entire black American population; (2) colonization or expatriation; (3) persisting subordination of blacks as a degraded caste; and (4) outright extermination. We want no black Ireland in America, he warned in response to the Supreme Courts disappointing ruling in the Civil Rights Cases in 1883no American counterpart to the aggrieved, unproductive, disproportionately criminal (under)class that Douglass viewed as the natural issue of Englands injustice. The Union victory signified, for Douglass, much more than the defeat of one particular rebellion and more, too, than the defeat of the troublesome particular doctrines that inspired that rebellion. When he spoke those words he was less than 10 years removed from the depredations of slavery, and the position he took in that 1847 speech reiterates the signature doctrine of his early Garrisonian mentors, for whom condemnation of the Constitution as a villainous compromise with slavery represented an article of abolitionist faith. Nevertheless, his speech does make an argument. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. A claim of fact (or a factual claim) is a claim arguing that something is or is not true. [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. The reasons can also be thought of as the "why" behind a claim. Douglass's central claim in his autobiography is that slavery is as harmful to whites as it is to slaves. Philip S. Foner (New York: International Publishers, 195075), p. 236 (hereinafter Life and Writings). Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. Accessed 4 Mar. Douglass endures unequalled as the invincible adversary of racial despair and disaffectionthe pre-eminent exemplar and apostle of hopefulness in the American promise of justice for all. Counterclaim - a claim for relief made in opposition to, or to offset another person's claim. The reasoning is the logic used to prove a claim. In each piece of literature both authors also unknowingly touch on topics of early American history such as free labor ideology and paternalism therefore deepening our knowledge of popular understandings during this time period. What other words in the speech connect to this concept? [59] Douglass, African Civilization Society, February, 1859, in Life and Writings, Vol. IV, p. 436. In Stevenss plan, lands belonging to the former Confederate states and their soldiers would be deemed forfeited and then distributed in parcels of 40 acres as homesteads to the freedpeople. Latest answer posted July 17, 2016 at 4:13:08 PM. Latest answer posted August 21, 2018 at 9:25:03 PM. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. Although the election meant that a new order of eventsis now fairly opening upon the country, he reserved judgment as to just how significant a change was in prospect. Tell why all or part of the opposing point of view may be reasonable, plausible, or valid, but minimize the opposing position. IV, p. 183. Douglass never tired of quoting the lines of Byron to this effect: Who would be free, themselves must strike the blow. To the end, he held strongly to the principle that he stressed in an 1855 editorial: our elevation as a race, is almost wholly dependent upon our own exertions.[55]. But there are two sides to every argument. As for the kind of cradle-to-grave care slaves get, Douglass graphically describes the frequent and brutal beatings his master, Mr. Auld, dealt out, and then discusses his own treatment as a child slave on the plantation. Step-by-step explanation: Answer options: a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access; Let us consider first the difficulties. In assembling together as we have done, our object is not to excite pity for ourselves, but to command respect for our cause, and to obtain justice for our people. -the struggle for freedom changes through history by always separating one race from the other, and calling one superior -I have learned that African Americans have always been bullied and degraded by others, and they didn't get their freedom in the US until the mid 19th century, A discussion of a controversial or debatable issue, A particular belief, conclusion, or point of view. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" In 2016, slavery has become a distant memory. The standard format for an argumentative essay is as follows: An effective argument contains all of the necessary components (claim, reasons, evidence, counterclaims) while keeping the intended audience in mind. In his heart of hearts, Douglass would later reflect, Lincoln loathed and hated slavery.[25] The foundation of this deepened appreciation was of course Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation, promised in September 1862 and delivered the following January. But in 1804 the North voted to abolish slavery but the South refused making states escape the union.Slavery in the South had an effect on the economy, but also on the slaves.Frederick Douglass, who was once a slave with his family in Maryland suffered greatly, but still pushed on and finally escaped and became a national leader of the abolition in the south movement.He made a narrative about his life as a slave and stated that the purpose of the narrative is to throw light on the American slave system.The goal of this paper is to discuss three aspects his narrative discusses that he throws light on, his position against the feelings of defenders of, The Narratives of the Life of Frederick Douglass is the story of Frederick Douglass life from the time he was born into slavery, to the time he escaped to freedom in the north. Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. mount shasta missing persons; kevin russell facebook; what is secretary of state number ct; How does douglass refute this counterclaim? His emphasis on property rights grounded in productive, opportunistic laboring went hand-in-hand with a respect for blacks equal capacity for cultivating and perfecting the self-elevating virtues. What is the Function of a Claim in an Argument? [41] Address of the Colored National Convention, in Life and Writings, Vol. God and nature speak to our manhood and manhood alone.[58]. [9] Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, in Frederick Douglass: Autobiographies (New York: Library of America, 1994), p. 286. [31] Douglass, Our Composite Nationality, December 7, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. III, p. 218 (emphasis added). Get the Writing Style Posters FREE Resource: Grammar/Mechanics, Literacy Centers, Study Skills, Writing argument essay, argumentative essay, common core writing standards, counterargument sentence frames, Counterarguments, Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames, counterclaim sentence frames, counterclaim transitions, Counterclaims, essay argument, essay strategies, Mark Pennington, Opposing Claims, rebut, Rebuttal, Refutation, refute, Teaching Essay Strategies, writing style, and receive a free welcome gift! In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. The Constitution, as well as the Declaration of Independence, and the sentiments of the founders of the Republic, give us a plat-form broad enough, and strong enough, to support the most comprehensive plans for the freedom and elevation of all the people of this country, without regard to color, class, or clime. Including using the example of Joseph and his brothers, as well as the Israelites being slaves in Egypt (a) In what ways is Douglass's word choice suited to his audience? James M. Washington (New York: HarperCollins, 1986), pp. ventana canyon golf membership fees; what ships are in port at norfolk naval base? Not transient and fitful effort, but patient, enduring, honest, unremitting, and indefatigable work, into which the whole heart is put. Much of the distinctive greatness of this nation, he continues, is due to its hospitality to just this sort of virtue. The implication was that the agitation that abolitionists had begun could never be finally pacified until slavery was finally abolished. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. When providing evidence to support reasoning, always make sure that the evidence comes from a credible source and that it is directly relevant to the reasoning. Debate participants will often prepare counterclaims in order to have a rebuttal ready for their opponent. He was appealing to the public to honor those victims claim for a slight measure of compensation in a fashion carefully tailored to their needs and to the deepest of the wrongs that they had suffered. [61] Douglass, Why Is the Negro Lynched? in Life and Writings, Vol. Douglass unveils the atrocious truth about slavery that was hidden for so many years. To correct this historical record is at once an intellectual, a civic, and a moral imperative, but to reaffirm the old integrationist faith in Americas principles and institutions, it is necessary (if not sufficient) to recover the Founders actual opinions about slavery and race. He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. Whereas Douglass from the outset called urgently and insistently for the Civil Wars prosecution as an abolition war, Lincoln saw in such a course of action only a self-destructive rashnessa premature radicalizing of the war, most likely to result in the disaffection of vital allies and, ultimately, the catastrophic failure of the Union cause. The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. In the long history of AfricanAmerican political thought, there is no more forceful proponent of the cause of integration than Douglass, and there is no more insightful analyst of the varieties and dangers of national and racial disintegration. It had given me a view of my wretched condition, without the remedy. V, p. 78. A claim is the main argument. 9, how does Douglass come to know the date? For the audience? Protagoras was a Greek philosopher who is widely considered the father of argument and debate. This provides more room to address the counterclaim and apply a rebuttal of the counterclaim. 364365. Roy P. Basler (Cambridge, Mass. The propensity of the latter, he warned, was to foster an enervating spirit of alienationa perpetual longing for some mighty revolution, diverting and dissipating the energies of those who harbored it.[59]. Post author: Post published: junho 22, 2022 Post category: when would the undeposited funds feature not be necessary? [60] He feared that such a development among black Americans likewise would be the effect of continuing failures to do justice by American institutions, as it could result also from the disaffection propagated by black advocates of emigration, despairing of Americas prospects for reform. Your reason is because yours doesn't have Internet access, and your evidence says that students with Internet access make better grades. Neither do we address you as enemies, (although the recipients of innumerable wrongs); but in the spirit of patriotic good will. 42% of the inmates are black, although African-Americans only account for 12.5% of the U.S. population" (Walter). But his Do nothing with us! rhetoric, oversimplified for emphasis, has been misunderstood by critics who read it literally as a denial of public obligation and a justification of public indifference toward the freedpeople. In your argument for a new cell phone, your mom stands on the other side. This technique helps to make the argument more effective by strengthening the claim being made. Because they can defend for theirselves, their thoughts, and beliefs, Give an example of a disparity that you have noticed between two groups In August 1845, two months after his book was published, Douglass fled to Great Britain, where his speeches won him international fame. 350351. III, p. 274. Having witnessed her transformation from a sympathetic to a hard-hearted mistress, Douglass concludes that slavery was as injurious to her soul as it was to his. Frederick Douglass (1818-1895) was a former slave who became a nationally recognized abolitionist orator during the antebellum period. Are there predictions to be made about future developments of this issue? Covey was at the house, about one hundred yards from the treading-yard where we were fanning. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. 380382. ALL Shopping Rod. All I ask is, give him a chance to stand on his own legs! They were great men too. [32] Douglasss response was disarmingly blunt. . Reasoning is the author's logic used to support and prove their claims. [19] Douglass, What to the Slave is the Fourth of July? in Douglass Papers, Vol. This latter, of course, was the position of Lincoln and of the moderate center of the Free Soil and Republican parties during the 1850s. H e engages in a fight with his master. Wiki User. Posted on June 22, 2022 by June 22, 2022 by (a) What main claim shapes Douglass's speech? Frederick. Note that the only factual claim on the topic is the claim of fact. on his farm recently because of a lack of water, so he decides to research how many acres of farm land were lost in his area during the last extended drought. Which words helped you convey information precisely? 280 (1981), established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. Douglass also describes the way it corroded his soul to not know his birth date, to be told he couldn't learn to read after the wife of his Baltimore owner started to teach him, and to realize that slavery was a condition he would never grow out of. Every nation, owing to its peculiar character and composition, has a definite mission in the world, Douglass observed in 1869, but Americas mission, clearer than ever in the aftermath of the war, marks it as exceptional. At the same time, Douglass' exploration of Christianity, and its hypocrisy when used to justify slavery, and the idea that the promise of freedom cannot be realized when a group of people are enslaved, helps to bolster the claims that slavery is America's "original sin.". The reason "capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison" answers "why" capital punishment should be banned. That Douglass sympathized, for a period in his youth, with anti-America radicalism is hardly surprising. What kind of "essay and delightful" speech does Douglas wish he could present? In his reasonable faith in their ultimate triumph in America, Douglass found an enormous reservoir of strength that he labored to share with others. After Douglass escape to freedom and his continuation of his education, he became an abolitionist through his works of literature and speeches. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave, brings to light many of the social injustices that colored men, women, and children all were forced to endure throughout the nineteenth century under Southern slavery laws. 790, 795797. Douglass publicly announced his change of opinion in the spring of 1851, but his most powerful statement of his revised view appears, fittingly enough, in his speech at an Independence Day celebration in 1852. [47] Douglass, Self-Made Men, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Slavery has been around since the 1700s, but the subject of slavery is controversial because it not only includes information written from former slaves, but information acquired from historians. While this quote is from a credible source (Carolina Justice Policy Center) and provides factual evidence, the evidence is not relevant to the specific claim and reasoning provided. For each of the following sentences, write the correct word or expression from the pair in parentheses. III, p. 420. Douglass discovers that a slave was set free by persuading his master, and as a result, this information makes Douglass an avid learner. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. Douglass's sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor . 386387. How do you think that refuting a misconception strengthened your presentation? America is said, and not without reason, to be preeminently the home and patron of self-made men. Taking a long view, Douglass judged that there was no greater danger to the elevation of black people and the integration of America than this spirit of alienation. What I ask for the negro, he explained in 1865, is not benevolence, not pity, not sympathy, but simply justice.[48]. [20] Douglass, Speech on the Dred Scott Decision, in Life and Writings, Vol. So, not only does the author work on proving their claim, but they work on disproving the counterclaim or opposition's argument. Peter C. Myers is Professor of Political Science at the University of WisconsinEau Claire and the author of Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism. The voting right was, for Douglass, the keystone of the arch of human liberty, as it was the primary, indispensable means of guarding every other right. The analysis of the under discussion autobiography indicates a lot of major universal themes and human exploitation is one of them. How would you like to be able to win any argument? Max Farrand (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1911), p. 135. According to Douglass, how do laws in the South prove that slaves are human beings? It's how the detective is able to put the criminal in jail. parentheses that agrees with the subject. A counterclaim is just the opposite of a claim. (b) Up to that point, what evidence has he presented to support his claim? If the claim is that the United States should ban capital punishment, an effective counterclaim would be that the United States should not ban capital punishment because capital punishment provides a sense of closure for the families of the victims of violent crimes. Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames. In the detective show, evidence is usually physical - like DNA or fingerprints. jim preston mchenry, il obituary. work!! His life was transformed yet again in August 1841, when the nations foremost abolitionist, William Lloyd Garrison, heard him speak at meetings in New Bedford and Nantucket, Massachusetts, and promptly offered him a position as a lecturer for the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Her husband tells her that instructing her slave in literacy will spoil him as a slave, and she stops teaching young Frederick. In Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass,did the mistress's initial kindness or her eventual cruelty have a greater effect on Frederick Douglass? He then state I would at times feel that learning to read had been a curse rather than a blessing. The specific nature of slaverys worst wrongs, however, suggested a more definite approach. Two key components of an argumentative essay are the reasons and evidence. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you A reader can see bleak picture of black slavery from the narration of Frederick Douglass who confronts brutal conduct of white masters throughout his childhood. The evidence is the facts, data, and quoted experts used to provide support for the reasoning. The reasons of an argument are the reasoning or logical proof provided to prove the argument. Every year adds to the black mans numbers. Seeking such a consummation, Douglass hurled himself into political activism throughout the 1850s. [49] Douglass, The Color Question, July 5, 1875, in Douglass Papers, Vol. [7] At the heart of all that he learned and taught were these simple propositions: A formidable thinker as well as an activist and a polemicist, Frederick Douglass produced the most powerful argument for the affirmation of those principles in the history of AfricanAmerican political thought. 4. Key Arguments in "The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass", There are a number of key arguments in The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass. So he labored on in those years, cherishing the memory of Lincoln in part for his own, personal reasons and calling his fellow citizens also to venerate the Great Emancipator that they might be bound ever more firmly to the great cause for which he and so many loyal citizens had died: to bring forth out of the terrible war a renewed nation, reconceived in liberty and rededicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Today we're going to learn about the parts of an argument necessary to win one! Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need.