e) assumed negative inequity, According to equity theory, which of the following exists when an individual feels that he or she has received relatively more than others have received? How does this pay structure relate to self-determination theory (SDT)? Multiple Choice Equity theory McClelland's acquired needs theory Deci and Ryan's self-determination theory Herzberg's two-factor theory Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory Expert Answer 100% (4 ratings) d.) esteem and physiological. She enjoys feeling a sense of belonging. Herzberg considered job duties that lead to feelings of achievement and recognition to be motivators. Drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress. Can't attend? Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? Determine the amount of cash collections for the period. e) inducements. The group-level approach is generally superior to the individual-level approach in assessing leader effectiveness. The implication of McClellands research is that organizations should try to place people with high needs for social power in managerial jobs. c) Goals are most likely to lead to higher performance when people have the abilities and the feelings of self-efficacy required to accomplish them. 50. Match leadership to the conditions at hand. c) McClelland's acquired needs theory. Which one of the following statements about the application and/or implications of equity theory is false? When weve eaten to satiation, we are no longer motivated to eat. A kind of mirroring of clients' statements. But most of us dont steal. To take precautionary measures. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. a) 23 Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like All of the following are reasons to examine criminological theories of crime EXCEPT ______., A criminal justice professional who does not understand criminal justice research is comparable to a ______., Criminological theories are all of the following EXCEPT ______. Do you study at Liberty University? On StuDocu you will find over 6300 lecture notes, summaries and assignments from LU, to help you pass your exams. This need is oriented toward fulfilling responsibilities to the employer, not to the self. Exhibit 14.6 illustrates Maslows proposed hierarchy of needs. 57. Our needs for food and water are instinctive. To put things in order. To get free, shake off restraint, break out of confinement. First, managers should address the hygiene factors. 66. trade accounts from customers prepaid expenses cash on hand loan. 60. The Anti-Immigration Protests Q9 - All of the following are policy/program implications from rational theories EXCEPT: 55. The task is enjoyable, so we continue to do it even in the absence of extrinsic rewards. Give examples. c. mainly by accident. Those are the needs at the bottom of the pyramid (physiological, safety, and security). a) Existence Creative Commons Attribution License The need for affiliation contributes to managerial success only in those situations where the maintenance of warm group relations is as important as getting others to work toward group goals. To accept injury, blame, criticism, punishment. b) hygiene factors are sources of job dissatisfaction. a) It is not pertinent for cultures outside of the United States. 51. One of your authors has a father-in-law who would much rather spend his weekends digging holes (for various home projects) than going fishing. a) ERG theory e) People with a low need for achievement will also have a low need for affiliation. Earrings Depot records bad debt using the allowance, balance sheet method. e) an employee's responsibility to develop need profiles required for success in their respective manager's jobs, b) possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs. Why or why not? c) Cells share similar chemical composition. An overriding principle in this theory is that a persons attention (direction) and energy (intensity) will focus on satisfying the lowest-level need that is not currently satisfied. exports to Europe? b. Freud studies mainly "sick" people. 2017. This company spent two years perfecting gym socks, and it paid off. Business Insider. d) Higher-order the amount of effort a person puts forth. In the case of extrinsic motivation, we endeavor to acquire something that satisfies a lower-order need. Round to the nearest cent. d) Motivation-hygiene theory Content theories include all of the following theories EXCEPT: e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. Which statement about acquired needs theory is correct? b) Motivation = expectancy X equity X rewards As shown in Exhibit 14.7, the ERG model addresses the same needs as those identified in Maslows work: Exhibit 14.8 identifies a number of ways in which organizations can help their members satisfy these three needs. D) a constant intensity. Herzberg also refers to these factors as dissatisfiers because they are frequently associated with dissatisfied employees. Theyre more likely to go bowling with friends after work than to go home and watch television. a) reducing work inputs. Other needs take over and we endeavor to satisfy them. e) Esteem, relationships, and growth, 64. probable effect that this will have on Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism B) Utilitarianism C) Altruism D)Ethical egalitarianism Click the card to flip Definition 1 / 42 D Click the card to flip Flashcards Learn Test Match Created by Vickemz Terms in this set (42) Teleological theories include all of the following except A) Ethical egoism Which equation correctly reflects Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation? A motive is a source of motivation; it is the need that a person is attempting to satisfy. If not, Murray calls this a latent need. a) achievement b) improved working conditions Second, once we have satisfied a need, it ceases to motivate us. This is a manifest need. To oppose forcefully or punish another. To defend the self against assault, criticism, and blame. McClelland calls this the two faces of power.7 A personal power seeker endeavors to control others mostly for the sake of dominating them. This is in contrast to the thousands of needs that earlier researchers had identified, and also fewer than Murray identified in his theory. Because when he digs a hole, he gets results. a) The multiplier effect is still in question. Organizational behavior researchers often classify motivation in terms of what stimulates it. Todays flexible, cost-conscious organizations have no room for top-heavy structures; their high-nAch employees perform their jobs well with minimal supervision. The ecological systems perspective includes all of the following except: a) it evolved from family systems theoriesb) it is considered a traditional helping approach c) it is multi-contextual d) individual and system factors must be considered in understanding a helpee's problem* (pages 158-160)17. Skip to document . To revenge an injury. Which of the following comparisons of Alderfer's ERG theory and Maslow's needs hierarchy is correct? As with nAch, nAff varies in intensity across individuals. For example, some people steal to satisfy their lower-order needs (they have high intensity). High-nAch people are not motivated by tasks that are too easy or extremely difficult. an individual's choice when presented with a number of possible alternatives. A. Florence Nightingale's Environment Theory . The theories then discuss motivation in terms of filling these needs. (After all, doesnt everyone want to be paid well? e) ERG, 68. Hygiene Maslows theory differs from others that preceded it because of this hierarchical, prepotency concept. To surrender. Again, there are no easy answers. Definition. Think of this in terms of hobbies. b) perceived positive inequity c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. Champions for the effort must be found throughout the organization, not just at the top. ______________ is classified as a content theory. Dec 12, 2022 OpenStax. To avoid humiliation. According to Alderfer, which needs reflect a desire for satisfying interpersonal relationships? Needs can also be satisfied at some point but become active (dissatisfied) again. They accept credit for success and blame for failure. High social power seekers are concerned with goals that a work group has set for itself, and they are motivated to influence others to achieve the goal. Clayton Alderfer observed that very few attempts had been made to test Maslows full theory. social, esteem, and self-actualization. a) Acquired needs theory e) Interactional justice. You probably know a few of them. a) The theory may be method bound. d) tacit negative inequity b. through empirical analysis. A common thread through all of them is that people have a variety of needs. They avoid both simple and impossible situations. individual. b) satisfier factors Bitcoin or net neutrality, sea levels or factory farmingsocial causes bind us to a larger context or assume a higher purpose for living better. That is, we lose interest in the higher-level needs when lower-order needs are energized. ( True False) Question 10. Designing jobs that are neither too challenging nor too boring is key to managing motivation. abeka curriculum controversy. b) ERG Job content is what we actually do when we perform our job duties. Strengthening flexible lines of defense According to Rogers' theory "continuous and mutual interaction between man and environment' is termed as: Integrality Which is NOT a concept related to Faye Abdellah's theory? One wonders if athletes like Tim Tebow are self-actualizing when they participate in multiple sporting endeavors at the professional level. c) Motivation = expectancy + equity + rewards We strive to make the need disappear. e) ERG theory, Manny has always been driven by the need to work more efficiently, solve problems, and master complex tasks. Maslow went on to propose five basic types of human needs. To adhere and remain loyal to a friend. 67. c) Do your best the different needs that an individual is trying to satisfy. a) Acquired needs Those five human needs, in the order of prepotency in which they direct human behavior, are: Exhibit 14.5 A protester at an anti-war demonstration in Seattle held up this sign. The need for achievement varies in intensity across individuals. c) Two-factor theory are not subject to the Creative Commons license and may not be reproduced without the prior and express written Which of the following is the correct order of Maslow's needs from the lowest (lower-order need) to the highest (higher-order need)? Considerable numbers of studies have demonstrated that tasks are intrinsically motivating when they satisfy at least one of three higher-order needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. A need is a human condition that becomes energized when people feel deficient in some respect. But what happens if these hobbyists start getting paid well for their sweaters and carvings? Placing a company in a larger context and adding a second, higher purpose than the established company goals motivates employees to police the company itself to be a better global citizen. Maslow condensed human needs into a manageable set. e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. According to Maslow, Nicole is driven by which of these needs? 59. e) relatedness. They should then address the much more powerful motivator needs, in which workers experience recognition, responsibility, achievement, and growth. To speculate, formulate, analyze, and generalize. The possibilities are endless. Accounting and Finance Political Theory (PLH-1) Criminal Law - II (0303) Masters of Business Administration export import (1723) Bsc Nursing (BNurs2011) Bachelors of Business Administration in Finance & Investment Analysis (BBA1) MBA (33A) Contract (140) MBA (CRIM) Bachler of art (eli) English (BCA302) Mechanical Engineering (BE MECH) Trending b) Esteem, safety, social, physiological, and self-actualization Herzbergs theory even allows for the possibility that an employee can be satisfied and dissatisfied at the same timethe I love my job but I hate the pay situation! Once satisfied, we focus on our ego and esteem needs. According to this perspective, the manager's job is to identify what people need and then to make sure that the work environment becomes a means of satisfying these needs. To snub or jilt an object. Factors inside the person that cause people to perform tasks, intrinsic motivation, arise out of performing a task in and of itself, because it is interesting or fun to do. They represent a continuing process of self-development and self-improvement that, once satisfied on one dimension (painting), create motivation to continue on other dimensions (sculpting). c. reorganizing experience. Maslow believed that most people become fixated at this level. When a person is behaving in a way that satisfies some need, Murray called the need manifest. Maslow's social needs tend to be more important in more collectivist societies like Mexico, thereby challenging the structured approach to the pyramid across cultures. b) Equity d) Physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization, Which of the following needs did Maslow describe as higher-order needs? a) expectancy d) The presence of motivator factors in a job contributes to a person's job performance. VOID WHERE PROHIBITED. The second set of needs he termed hygienes. Hygienes relate to the work environment and are based in the basic human need to avoid pain. According to Herzberg, growth needs motivate us to perform well and, when these needs are met, lead to the experience of satisfaction. At the end of the pilot, 95 percent of the employees reported that they felt the program had contributed to employee engagement, team building, and environmental stability. 1 . b) 25 54. b) Self-actualization and esteem c.) Teachable Once those needs have been satisfied, the next level, social needs, become energized. Further, evidence in support of the three need categories and their order tends to be stronger than evidence for Maslows five need categories and their relative order. The uncollectible percentage is 5.5%. e) relatedness factors. To master, manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings, or ideas. To be interested in theory. d) expectancy, instrumentality, and valence are all high An invoice of $3168 from Scottish Importers has cash terms of 4/20 EOM and is dated June 5. d) Herzberg's two-factor theory. When motivator needs are met, however, employees feel satisfied and are motivated to perform well. Barton, Tynan. c.) relatedness a) Esteem, social, and safety They feel personally responsible for completing whatever tasks they are assigned. c) People who feel they are overpaid tend to decrease the quantity or quality of their work, whereas people who feel they are underpaid tend to increase the quantity or quality of their work. e.) safety and self-actualization. c) Higher-order needs become more important as individuals move up the corporate ladder. Four componentssatisfaction progression, frustration, frustration regression, and aspirationare key to understanding Alderfers ERG theory. b) Motivator factors include a sense of achievement, recognition, and responsibility. Of the three needs studied by McClelland, nAch has the greatest impact. To admire and support a superior. To have ones needs gratified by the sympathetic aid of an allied object. d) Felt positive inequity b) Hierarchy of needs theory e) Maslow's hierarchy of needs. a) not possible to teach people to develop need profiles required for success in different jobs c. He relied on correlational methods. 36. To submit passively to external force. Concept related to Betty Neuman's System Model of Nursing is: A. Most counseling theories have been developed: a. in a scientific laboratory. With its purpose and goals defined, it can then educate the workforce on sustainable methods to create knowledge and competence. Herzberg recommends using _________ to build motivators into job content. The Prison Expansion Era. Hygienes can cause dissatisfaction if they are not present in sufficient levels. d) Interactional justice Joanna likes attention and is driven by seeking influence over others. A near-death experience (NDE) is a profound personal experience associated with death or impending death which researchers claim share similar characteristics.When positive, such experiences may encompass a variety of sensations including detachment from the body, feelings of levitation, total serenity, security, warmth, the experience of absolute dissolution, and the presence of a light. There are not enough workers who feel personal satisfaction for having the cleanest floors in a building. a) Reinforcement a) People with a high need for achievement prefer individual responsibilities, challenging goals, and performance feedback. Both equity theory and expectancy theory are classified as process theories. The nAff has important implications for organizational behavior. d) Equity Alderfers model is potentially more useful than Maslows in that it doesnt create false motivational categories. To have sexual intercourse. true. a) MBO c) Expectancy d) valences According to the two-factor theory of motivation, all of the following are sources of job dissatisfaction EXCEPT: d) esteem. Multiple Choice Quiz. Q9 - Rational choice theories developed in the midst of social events that included all of the following EXCEPT: The Drug War. To quit embarrassing situations or to avoid conditions that may lead to belittlement or the scorn or indifference of others. Why or why not? The content theories of motivation include all of the following EXCEPT: a. hierarchy of needs theory. . a) Hygiene factors include achievement and recognition. 30. Kohlberg's theory of moral development Piaget's stages of cognitive development Erikson's stages of psychosocial development Vygotsky's theory of cognitive development Apparently, people dont go through the five levels in a fixed fashion. d.) self-actualization c) instrumentality According to self-determination theory, skilled workers who are given a chance to hone their skills and the freedom to practice their craft will be intrinsically motivated. Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe motivator factors in the two-factor theory? There are no higher levels in the pyramid, because self-actualization needs can never be fully satisfied. <p>Official Rules</p> <p>NO PURCHASE NECESSARY TO ENTER OR WIN. The cell membrane is composed. Learned needs, which Murray called secondary needs, are learned throughout ones life and are basically psychological in nature. Performing well on this job wont satisfy their need to be around other people. McClelland has argued that the high need for social power is the most important motivator for successful managers. b) Alderfer's ERG theory. a) the length of time a person sticks with a given action Therefore, the more we satisfy our growth need, the more important it becomes and the more strongly we are motivated to satisfy it. e) Growth, According to ERG, ____________ needs reflect a desire for continued personal development. These eight types of intelligence represent the varied ways individuals process information. The need for affiliation (nAff) reflects a desire to establish and maintain warm and friendly relationships with other people. Such needs may exist (latent needs); the work environment is simply not conducive to their manifestation (manifest needs). a) existence factors d. Ken Wilbur. Which of the following statements is true with regards to the research on Maslow's needs hierarchy? e) Locke and Latham's goal setting theory. e) In collectivist cultures, people seem to be more concerned about equality than equity. The second component, frustration, occurs when we attempt but fail to satisfy a particular need. What is the bad debt estimation for the year using the balance sheet method? In the context of motivation, level refers to __________. They do it because it is intrinsically motivating; the hobby satisfies needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Automation has eliminated many such jobs, but they are still numerous. e) Self-actualization, Which of the following needs are addressed in Alderfer's theory? They differ in that they feel best when they have influenced a work group to achieve the groups goals, and not some personal agenda. ______________ is classified as a content theory. According to Orem each of the four constituent theories within the Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory include all of the following,EXCEPT: ( Multiple Choice) Question 9. The first of these, satisfaction progression, is in basic agreement with Maslows process of moving through the needs. The major implication for management is that some employee needs are latent. evolution, theory in biology postulating that the various types of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth have their origin in other preexisting types and that the distinguishable differences are due to modifications in successive generations. b.) Clearly one of the most influential motivation theories throughout the 1950s and 1960s was Frederick Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory.14 This theory is a further refinement of Maslows theory. Murrays main premise was that people have a variety of needs, but only a few are expressed at a given time. To influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command. According to the company website, Bombas exists to help solve this problem, to support the homeless community, and to bring awareness to an under-publicized problem in the United States (n.p.). Achievement needs become manifest when individuals experience certain types of situations. McClelland describes three major characteristics of high-nAch people: Why is nAch important to organizational behavior? A person can resolve perceived negative inequity by doing all of the following EXCEPT: Why? Hedonism, one of the first motivation theories, assumes that people are motivated to satisfy mainly their own needs (seek pleasure, avoid pain). They build empires, and they protect them. a) only one need may be activated at the same time Because meeting these needs provides satisfaction, they motivate workers. They recorded $97,440 in accounts receivable for the year and$288,550 in credit sales. With regards to motivation, which of the following best defines direction? This process was adopted and provided a safer and more efficient way to maintain and clean New York City's sprawling subway. Why or why not? Question 16 Characteristics of "good" theories discussed in class include all of the following, except: A good theory should be clearly stated All else constant, the simplest possible explanation for a phenomenon is preferable O A good theory does not need to be rigorously tested Its constructs should be able to be operationalized A good theory should include all important predictor variables d) hygiene factors e) The theory fails and does not clearly categorize salary. b) valence a) Self-actualization b. Adherence and familiarity with only one theory. existence b) Social Goldberg and Heath discovered that socks are the most-requested clothing at homeless shelters. Identify situational conditions. c. contingency. b) self esteem Maslows theory is still popular among practicing managers. McClellands research differs from Murrays in that McClelland studied three needs in depth: the need for achievement, the need for affiliation, and the need for power (often abbreviated, in turn, as nAch, nAff, and nPow).5 McClelland believes that these three needs are learned, primarily in childhood. e) Hygiene factors include working conditions, interpersonal relations, organizational policies, and salary. c) Assumed positive inequity Organziational Behaviour, 7ce Chapter 4: Theories of Motivation Chapter 4 Theories of Motivation 4.1 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Motivation is A) a component of ability, personal traits and desire. Herzbergs work suggests a two-stage process for managing employee motivation and satisfaction. To seek enjoyable relaxation from stress. e) Less difficult goals are more likely to lead to higher performance than are more difficult goals. The distinction between instinctive and learned needs sometimes blurs; for example, is our need to socialize with other people instinctive or learned? d) The theory links motivation and needs to both satisfaction and performance. identify relevant leadership behaviors. b) It fails to help explain any cross-cultural management situations. Content theories are also sometimes called needs theories. As these needs are satisfied, our growth needs become more active. e) It is too culture bound. The resulting frustration may make satisfying the unmet need even more important to usunless we repeatedly fail to satisfy that need. One major implication of Herzbergs motivator-hygiene theory is the somewhat counterintuitive idea that managers should focus more on motivators than on hygienes. Motivator factors involve our long-term need to pursue psychological growth (much like Maslows esteem and self-actualization needs). a) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. individual. B. Instilling faith-hope . On the other hand, SDT would suggest that to enhance intrinsic motivation on jobs that are interesting, dont focus only on increasing extrinsic rewards (like large pay bonuses). c) Expectancy Which of the following theory has used "General Systems Theory" as a framework for its development? and you must attribute OpenStax. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo The theories presented in this section focus on the importance of human needs. Maintaining good relationships with their coworkers is important to them, so they go to great lengths to make the work group succeed because they fear rejection. Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Process theories of motivation focus on which of the following? Are CCC and DDD mutually exclusive? a) goal-oriented rewards. c) hygiene factors involve the work setting or the environment in which people work. b) The theory has been scientifically verified with methods other than the original. c. two-factor theory. When we are hungry, for example, our need for food has been energized. To give sympathy and gratify the needs of a helpless object: an infant or any object that is weak, disabled, tired, inexperienced, infirm, defeated, humiliated, lonely, dejected, sick, or mentally confused. e) less than two needs must be activated at the same time, c) more than one need may be activated at the same time, Which of the following content theories of motivation is associated with the needs for achievement, affiliation, and power?